According to one embodiment, a nonvolatile memory includes a plurality of memory areas and controller circuit including an error correction code encoder. The error correction code encoder encodes a first data to generate a first parity in a first operation and encodes a second data to generate a second parity in a second operation. The controller circuit writes the first data and the first parity into a first memory area among the plurality of memory areas and writes the second data and the second parity into a second memory area among the plurality of memory areas. The size of the second data is smaller than the size of the first data and the size of the second parity is equal to the size of the first parity.

A method for recording parity data of data stripes within shingled media recording bands in a redundant array of independent disks can be accomplished using a plurality of shingled media recording (SMR) hard disk drives (HDD) each with a plurality of shingled data bands. A data stream received from a host computer system is sequentially stored to a plurality of block segments in successive order, one stripe at a time successively. Each of the shingled data bands possess n data blocks (or multiple data blocks that are grouped together as a data unit) that are successively ordered, each corresponding successive data block from all of the SMR HDDs defines a data stripe, accordingly n data blocks in each SMR HDD defines n stripes across the shingled data bands. A transaction group sync triggers a halt to writing the data stream. The rest of the data stripe is written with fill bits. Parity data is written to a parity drive in one or more SMR parity blocks that correspond in size and sequence to the data blocks in the data stripes possessing the first data stream and any of the fill bits.

An embodiment of a data-read path includes a defect detector and a data-recovery circuit. The defect detector is operable to identify a defective region of a data-storage medium, and the data-recovery circuit is operable to recover data from the data-storage medium in response to the defect detector. For example, such an embodiment may allow identifying a defective region of a data-storage disk caused, e.g., by a scratch or contamination, and may allow recovering data that was written to the defective region.

Systems and methods are disclosed for implementing unequal error correction code (ECC) in multi-track recording. A device may comprise a circuit configured to implement an error correction coding scheme applying different code rate error correction codes on adjacent tracks within a same recording zone. The circuit may perform a read operation, including simultaneously detecting bits from a first track and a second track of the adjacent tracks, iteratively applying detected bits from the first track to perform adjacent track interference cancellation (ATIC) to decode bits from the second track, and iteratively applying detected bits from the second track to perform ATIC to decode bits from the first track.

A computing system includes: storage devices configured to read data sectors; and a data correction engine, coupled to the storage devices, configured to: detect an error data sector among the data sectors, generate soft information from the error data sector, apply a soft bit flipping logic to the error data sector to produce a transformed data sector, and generate a corrected data sector from the transformed data sector.

In one example, the disclosure is directed to error-correcting code techniques for managing data by a host device. In some examples, in writing the data, a host device receives parity data, data and one or more error pointers from a storage device. Each respective error pointer references a location of a respective data sector of the data that contains an error. The host device determines, based at least in part on the one or more error pointers, a first data sector of the data that contains an error. The host device recovers, based at least in part on the parity data, the data, and the one or more error pointers, the first data sector.

A recording/reproducing device and a recording/reproducing method, which are capable of improving reliability of data while securing compatibility with a file format employed in a recording medium are provided. Provided is a reconstruction method of reproduction data acquired from a reproducing device that reproduces data from a recording medium in which the data is recorded, performs error correction using a second error correction code specified in a file format employed in the recording medium, and outputs reproduction data, and the reconstruction method of the reproduction data includes obtaining reproduction data from the reproducing device, reading a first error correction code different from the second error correction code from the reproduction data, and performing error correction on the reproduction data using the first error correction code and reconstructing user data.

According to one embodiment, a magnetic disk device includes a disk, a head that writes data to the disk and reads data from the disk, and a controller that executes error correction on a first sector which is unreadable in a first track from an initial reading time of initially one-round reading the first track of the disk based on first parity data corresponding to the first track.

The disclosure is related to systems and methods of On the Fly Formatting. Various parameters that influence areal density of hard disc regions can be changed on the fly based on storage capacity and reliability needs. Further adjustments can be made to the formatting of the region to fine tune achievable storage capacity and reliability values. In some cases, the formatting can include error correction code strength, gap widths between user data sectors and servo data sectors, other characteristics or parameters, or any combinations thereof.

A data memory system is described, where there may be an asymmetry in the time needed to write or erase data and the time needed to read data. The data may be stored using a RAID data storage arrangement and the reading, writing and erasing operations on the modules arranged such that the erasing and writing operations may be performed without significant latency for performing a read operation. Where a failure of a memory module in the memory system occurs, methods for recovering the data of the failed module are disclosed which may selected in accordance with policies that may relate to the minimizing the possibility of irretrievable data loss, or degradation of latency performance.