A storage apparatus includes an interface and storage circuitry. The interface communicates with a plurality of memory cells, and an individual one of the plurality of memory cells stores data in multiple programming levels. The storage circuitry configured to program data to a first group of multiple memory cells in a number of programming levels larger than two, using a One-Pass Programming (OPP) scheme that results in a first readout reliability level. After programming the data, the storage circuitry is further configured to read the data from the first group, and program the data read from the first group to a second group of the memory cells, in a number of programming levels larger than two, using a Multi-Pass Programming (MPP) scheme that results in a second readout reliability higher than the first reliability level, and reading the data from the second group of the memory cells.

Storage device programming methods, systems and media are described. A method may include encoding data to generate an encoded set of data. A first programming operation may write the encoded set of data to a memory device. The method includes encoding, using a second encoding operation based on the data, to generate a second set of encoded data. The second set of encoded data is stored to a cache. A first decoding operation is performed, based on the second set of encoded data and the encoded set of data, to generate a decoded set of data. A second decoding operation is performed to generate a second decoded set of data. The second decoded set of data is encoded to generate a third set of encoded data. The method includes performing a second programming operation to write the third set of encoded data to the memory device.

Control logic in a memory device identifies a first plurality of groups of programming distributions, wherein each group comprises a subset of programming distributions associated with a portion of a memory array of the memory device configured as quad-level (QLC) memory. During a first pass of a multi-pass programming operation, the control logic coarsely programs memory cells in the portion configured as QLC memory to initial values representing a second plurality of pages of host data and stores, in a portion of the memory array of the memory device configured as single-level cell (SLC) memory, an indicator of the first plurality of groups of programming distributions with which each of the coarsely programmed memory cells is associated. During a second pass of the multi-pass programming operation, the control logic reads the coarsely programmed initial values from the first pass based on the indicator of the first plurality of groups of programming distributions and finely programs the memory cells in the portion configured as QLC memory to final values representing the second plurality of pages of host data.

An operating method of a nonvolatile memory device for programming multi-page data, the operating method including: receiving the multi-page data from a memory controller; programming first page data among the multi-page data to first memory cells connected to a word line adjacent to a selected word line; reading previous page data previously stored in second memory cells connected to the selected word line based on a first sensing value and a second sensing value after programming the first page data; calculating a first fail bit number by comparing first bits of the previous page data read based on the first sensing value to second bits of the previous page data read based on the second sensing value; and programming the previous page data read from the second memory cells and second page data among the multi-page data to the second memory cells based on the first fail bit number.

An operating method of a nonvolatile memory device for programming multi-page data, the operating method including: receiving the multi-page data from a memory controller; programming first page data among the multi-page data to first memory cells connected to a word line adjacent to a selected word line; reading previous page data previously stored in second memory cells connected to the selected word line based on a first sensing value and a second sensing value after programming the first page data, calculating a first fail bit number by comparing first bits of the previous page data read based on the first sensing value to second bits of the previous page data read based on the second sensing value; and programming the previous page data read from the second memory cells and second page data among the multi-page data to the second memory cells based on the first fail bit number.

An operating method of a nonvolatile memory device for programming multi-page data, the operating method including: receiving the multi-page data from a memory controller; programming first page data among the multi-page data to first memory cells connected to a word line adjacent to a selected word line; reading previous page data previously stored in second memory cells connected to the selected word line based on a first sensing value and a second sensing value after programming the first page data, calculating a first fail bit number by comparing first bits of the previous page data read based on the first sensing value to second bits of the previous page data read based on the second sensing value; and programming the previous page data read from the second memory cells and second page data among the multi-page data to the second memory cells based on the first fail bit number.

Embodiments herein describe a memory system that queues program requests to a block of flash memory until a predefined threshold is reached. That is, instead of performing program requests to write data into the block as the requests are received, the memory system queues the requests until the threshold is satisfied. Once the buffer for the block includes the threshold amount of program requests, the memory system performs the stored requests. In one embodiment, the memory system erases all the pages in the block before writing the new data in the program requests into the destination pages. The data that was originally stored in the pages that are not destination pages is rewritten into the pages. In this example, the queued program requests can be written into the pages using one erase and write step rather than individual erase and write steps for each of the requests.

In one embodiment, an apparatus comprises a storage device comprising a NAND flash memory array, the storage device to program, during a first programming pass, a plurality of cells of a first wordline of the NAND flash memory array to store a first page of data; initiate a read of the first page of data prior to completion of loading of a second page of data to be programmed during a second programming pass; and program, during the second programming pass, the plurality of cells of the first wordline of the NAND flash memory array to store the first page of data and the second page of data.

A processing device determines difference error counts that are indicative of relative widths of valleys. Each of the valleys is located between a respective pair of programming distributions of memory cells of the memory device. A program targeting operation is performed on a memory cell of the memory device to calibrate one or more program verify (PV) targets associated with the programming distributions. To perform the program targeting operation, a rule from a set of rules is selected based on the difference error counts. The set of rules corresponds to an adjusting of a PV target of a last programming distribution. One or more program verify (PV) targets associated with the programming distributions are adjusted based on the selected rule.

A system includes a memory device and a processing device, operatively coupled with the memory device, to perform operations including determining first values of a metric that is indicative of a margin for a valley that is located between programming distributions of a memory cell of the memory device. The operations further include determining second values of the metric based on the first values, and adjusting valley margins of the memory cell in accordance with the second values of the metric.