Immersion probes and related methods are generally described. In some embodiments, the probe comprises a shaft with a spiral strake disposed along at least a portion of the length of the shaft and/or a porous shroud extending from a distal portion of the shaft.

A high-temperature flow sensor includes strain relief wires for connecting cable wires to electrically resistive sensor elements to protect the sensor elements from fractures or other damage due to differences in thermal expansion and contraction of components. The resistive sensor material assembled with a support material is mounted in a tube with an electrically, conductive filler between the sensor material and the tube.

A flow sensor chip includes a substrate in which a cavity having an opening is formed, a membrane provided on a surface of the substrate so as to cover the opening, a heater provided inside the membrane, a first thermopile and a second thermopile provided in the membrane, and a heat conduction member for heat conduction between the substrate and the membrane. A first hot junction and a first cold junction of a thermocouple provided in the first thermopile and a second hot junction and a second cold junction of a thermocouple provided in the second thermopile are arranged at positions overlapping with the opening in a plan view. The heat conduction member includes a first heat conduction member for heat conduction between the first cold junction and the substrate and a second heat conduction member for heat conduction between the second cold junction and the substrate.

A device for measuring the rate of flow of a fluid comprising. The device includes a heating element, a housing, and a detector. The heating element is located in an interior of the housing, the housing defining a first thermal path from the heating element to a first region of an exterior of the housing and a second thermal path from the heating element to a second region of the exterior of the housing. The detector is configured to detect a property associated with transfer of heat from the heating element to the exterior of the housing. The first thermal path has a first thermal conductivity and the second thermal path has a second thermal conductivity. The first thermal conductivity is greater than the second thermal conductivity. The first region of the exterior of the housing is smaller than the second region of the exterior of the housing.

The present description includes a flexible sensor including a flexible substrate, a thermoelectric substrate formed on the flexible substrate, a first metal electrode that is formed on the flexible substrate and is connected to one end of the thermoelectric body, and a second metal electrode that is formed on the flexible substrate and is connected to another end of the thermoelectric body but spaced apart from the first metal electrode. The flexible sensor simply measures the temperature and the flow velocity with high accuracy. The change in temperature and flow velocity may be measured in real time. In addition, the flexible sensor may measure the temperature and the flow velocity of a fluid even when attached to a curved surface, and self-development is possible by the measurement.

We disclose herein a fluid sensor for sensing a concentration or composition of a fluid, the sensor comprising a semiconductor substrate comprising a first etched portion, a dielectric region located on the semiconductor substrate, wherein the dielectric region comprises a first dielectric membrane located over the first etched portion of the semiconductor substrate, a heating element located within the first dielectric membrane, and a first temperature sensing element spatially separated from the heating element. The fluid sensor further comprises a second temperature sensing element within the dielectric membrane, or the heating element may be further configured to operate as a second temperature sensing element. The separation between the second temperature sensing element and the first temperature sensing element introduces a temperature difference between the second temperature sensing element and the first temperature sensing element, such that a differential signal between the first temperature sensing element and the second temperature sensing element is indicative of the concentration or composition of the fluid based on a thermal conductivity of the fluid.

In one example of the description, a device may have an elongated body defining a lumen. The elongated body may have a proximal portion and a distal portion. An anchoring member may be positioned on the proximal portion of the elongated body. A first temperature sensor may sense a first temperature of a fluid at a first location in the lumen. A second temperature sensor may sense a second temperature of the fluid at a second location in the lumen. The first location may be proximal to the second location. A heating member may be located proximal to the second temperature sensor. The heating member may heat the fluid within the lumen.

The present disclosure provides thermal gas property sensors and compensated differential pressure sensors, as well as methods for measuring a physical property of a gas and methods for compensating differential pressure sensors. A reference overpressure of a gas is generated in a cavity. Based on the flow of the gas from the cavity through a channel, properties of the gas are identified.

A flow sensor including a fluid flow path, a first sensor configured to determine a first measurement of a thermal diffusivity and/or a viscosity of a fluid in the fluid flow path, a second sensor configured to determine a second measurement of a fluid flow velocity and/or a volumetric flow rate of the fluid in the fluid flow path, and at least one processor configured to adjust the second measurement based on the first measurement. A method including receiving fluid in a fluid flow path of a flow sensor, determining a first measurement of a thermal diffusivity and/or a viscosity of the fluid in the fluid flow path, determining a second measurement of a fluid flow velocity and/or a volumetric flow rate of the fluid in the fluid flow path, and adjusting the second measurement based on the first measurement.

In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided an electronic smoking device comprising a flow channel and an atomizer. The flow channel can comprise an incoming airflow opening, an incoming airflow pathway, a sensor assembly, and an outgoing airflow opening. The atomizer can be fluidly coupled to the flow channel. The flow channel can be configured to direct an airflow from the incoming airflow opening, through the incoming airflow pathway, over the sensor assembly, and through the outgoing airflow opening. The electronic smoking device can further be configured to pass the airflow over the atomizer.