A radiometric measurement device includes a number n of sensors, wherein a respective sensor of the number n of sensors is configured to generate associated sensor data, such that overall a number n of sensor data is generated by means of the number n of sensors. A measurement variable calculation unit is configured to calculate a number m of measurement variable values depending on the number n of sensor data on the basis of values of a number d of parameters. A learning unit is configured to calculate the values of the number d of parameters on the basis of training data.

A radiometric measurement device includes a number n of sensors, wherein a respective sensor of the number n of sensors is configured to generate associated sensor data, such that overall a number n of sensor data is generated by means of the number n of sensors. A measurement variable calculation unit is configured to calculate a number m of measurement variable values depending on the number n of sensor data on the basis of values of a number d of parameters. A learning unit is configured to calculate the values of the number d of parameters on the basis of training data.

A sensor mounting apparatus and methods for determining level, volume, or both of contaminated cuttings in a cuttings skip includes a collar having a body having a longitudinal axis, a first end, a second end, and a sidewall connecting the first and second ends, the sidewall parallel to the axis, the sidewall having an external surface and an internal surface, the internal surface defining a longitudinal bore through the coupling configured to allow material to flow there through. The apparatus includes a sensor receiver in the sidewall that holds a TOF sensor, the sensor receiver extending from the external surface to the internal surface of the collar, the sensor receiver having an axis skewed at an angle from the sidewall of the body. Fasteners on the first and second ends allow them to be fastened to a fill hose or chute and to a fill opening for the cuttings skip.

A radiometric measuring apparatus detects a measured variable in the form of a fill level, a point level, a density and/or a mass flow, and includes a scintillator embodied to generate light pulses upon excitation by ionizing radiation, an optoelectronic sensor embodied to convert the light pulses into a sensor signal, a first signal processing unit embodied to process the sensor signal into a first measured variable signal, an adjustable second signal processing unit embodied in a measurement setting to process the sensor signal into a second measured variable signal, wherein the second measured variable signal corresponds to the first measured variable signal in the case of a correctly processing first signal processing unit and a correctly processing second signal processing unit, and embodied in at least one operation setting to process the sensor signal into at least one operating variable signal, wherein the at least one operating variable signal does not correspond to the measured variable signals, a setting unit embodied to set the second signal processing unit into the measurement setting in measured variable time intervals and into the at least one operation setting in operating variable time intervals that alternate with the measured variable time intervals, and an assessment unit embodied to compare the first measured variable signal and the second measured variable signal with one another and to assess the first signal processing unit and/or the second signal processing unit to be processing correctly or incorrectly, depending on a result of the comparison.

Techniques, systems, and devices are disclosed for non-invasive monitoring and imaging of nuclear fuel inside a nuclear reactor using muon detector arrays. In one aspect, these detector arrays are placed outside the reactor vessel or building for investigating the reactors without access to the cores, therefore the imaging process is non-invasive. In some implementation, these detector arrays measure both muon scattering and absorption to enable imaging and characterizing not only the very high-Z fuel materials, but also other materials in the reactor, thereby obtaining a more complete picture of reactor status. When applied to damaged reactors, the disclosed proposed techniques, systems, and devices, through the process of providing an image, can reveal the presence (or absence) of damage to fuel rod assemblies or puddles of molten fuel at the bottom of the containment vessel, thus providing crucial information to guide decisions about remedial actions.

The present disclosure relates to a method for determining a remaining operating period of a detector unit for a radiometric, density- or fill-level measuring device. The detector unit includes a photomultiplier. In such method, the control voltage of the photomultiplier is registered over at least one predetermined time period, a time rate of change function is ascertained based on control voltage registered during the predetermined time period, and the remaining operating period until reaching a maximum control voltage is calculated by means of the time rate of change function and a current control voltage, which is present at the current operating time. The method of the present disclosure permits approximation of the remaining operating period of the detector unit and, thus, timely learning of when required maintenance measures, especially aging related replacement of the photomultiplier, must be performed.

The present disclosure relates to a method for determining a remaining operating period of a detector unit for a radiometric, density- or fill-level measuring device. The detector unit includes a photomultiplier. In such method, the control voltage of the photomultiplier is registered over at least one predetermined time period, a time rate of change function is ascertained based on control voltage registered during the predetermined time period, and the remaining operating period until reaching a maximum control voltage is calculated by means of the time rate of change function and a current control voltage, which is present at the current operating time. The method of the present disclosure permits approximation of the remaining operating period of the detector unit and, thus, timely learning of when required maintenance measures, especially aging related replacement of the photomultiplier, must be performed.

A radiometric measuring device for determining an intensity of pulses of an interference signal from an external radiation source, wherein the radiometric measuring device carries out fill level or limit level determination of a filling material in a container. The radiometric measuring device has a detector which is configured to receive pulses of a useful signal modulated with a modulation frequency from a gamma emitter and additionally pulses of the interference signal from the external radiation source. Further, the measuring device comprises an averager configured to output a first count rate of the pulses at an averager output, and a bandpass system comprising a bandpass with adjustable passband frequency range configured to output a second count rate of the pulses at a bandpass system output. The measuring device further comprises a subtractor adapted to form a differential count rate between the first count rate and the second count rate.

A radiometric measuring device for determining an intensity of pulses of an interference signal from an external radiation source, wherein the radiometric measuring device carries out fill level or limit level determination of a filling material in a container. The radiometric measuring device has a detector which is configured to receive pulses of a useful signal modulated with a modulation frequency from a gamma emitter and additionally pulses of the interference signal from the external radiation source. Further, the measuring device comprises an averager configured to output a first count rate of the pulses at an averager output, and a bandpass system comprising a bandpass with adjustable passband frequency range configured to output a second count rate of the pulses at a bandpass system output. The measuring device further comprises a subtractor adapted to form a differential count rate between the first count rate and the second count rate.

A method for calibrating a radiometric device for determining and/or monitoring the density of a medium located in a container includes: determining the count rate of the radioactive radiation after it has passed through the empty container on the basis of the activity of the transmitting unit; determining the measured count rate of the radioactive radiation after it has passed through the container when a calibration medium of known density is located in the container; determining the mass attenuation coefficient according to the formula =(ln(N/N.sub.0))/(.sub.1D), where D is a beam path of the radioactive radiation or inner diameter of the container, and .sub.1 is density of the calibration medium; and calculating a calibration curve representing the dependence of the density of the medium on the count rate of the measured radiation intensity after the radiation has passed through the container.