A qualification process for a sample to be examined by means of cryo-electron microscopy. The, sample (12) is applied to a sample carrier (10) provided for cryo-electron microscopy and subsequently the sample (12) arranged on the sample carrier is examined by means of dynamic light scattering. The particle size distribution within the sample (12) is determined by means of the dynamic light scattering. Further, a sample holder designed to carry out the qualification process.

A method for non-destructively estimating an average size of scattering particles in a sample, including: transmitting, using a coherent light source, polarized light to the sample; obtaining, using a detector, polarized light reflected from the sample, the polarized light comprising a parallel polarized component and a perpendicular polarized component; determining, using a processor, speckle decorrelation rates for the parallel polarized component and the perpendicular polarized component; and estimating, using the processor, the average size of scattering particles in the sample based on the speckle decorrelation rates for the parallel polarized component and the perpendicular polarized component.

Provided are a particle size measurement method, a particle size measurement apparatus, and a particle size measurement program in which a needless measurement time period is omitted by setting an appropriate measurement time period in accordance with a particle size to be measured. The particle size measurement method includes: a test measurement step; an autocorrelation function calculation step; a setting step of setting a part of a plurality of measurement timings set in advance as measurement timings to be used for main measurement, based on a time period required until an autocorrelation function falls below a predetermined threshold value and a preliminary time period set and added to the time period; a main measurement step of measuring a main measurement intensity of scattered light during a main measurement time period; and a particle size calculation step of calculating a particle size of a sample.

A method of characterising particles in a sample, comprising: obtaining a scattering measurement comprising a time series of measurements of scattered light from a detector, the scattered light produced by the interaction of an illuminating light beam with the sample; producing a corrected scattering measurement, comprising compensating for scattering contributions from contaminants by reducing a scattering intensity in at least some time periods of the scattering measurement; determining a particle characteristic from the corrected scattering measurement.

A method of operating an optical icing conditions sensor includes transmitting, with a transmitter, a light beam and thereby illuminating an illumination volume. A receiver array receives light over a range of receiving angles. The receiver array is configured to receive light having the wavelength over a receiver array field of view which overlaps with the illumination volume. A controller measures an intensity of light received by the receiver array. The controller determines that a cloud is present if the intensity is greater than a threshold value. The controller calculates scattering profile data of the light received by the receiver array if a cloud is determined to be present, which includes an angle of a scattering intensity peak within the range of receiving angles and a breadth of the scattering intensity peak. The controller estimates a representative droplet size within the cloud using the scattering profile data.

The present disclosure describes a computer implemented method, a system, and a computer program product of measuring quality attributes of a virus sample. In an embodiment, the method, system, and computer program product include (1) receiving light scattering (LS) data from a light scattering detector analyzing separations of a virus sample, dRI data, and UV data, (2) receiving a molecular weight of a protein component of the sample, Mprotein (expected), a refractive index increment of the protein component, (dn/dc)protein, a refractive index increment of a DNA component of the sample, (dn/dc)DNA, and an extinction coefficient of the protein component, εprotein, (3) calculating a protein fraction of the sample, xprotein, with respect to the LS data, the dRI data, the Mprotein (expected), the (dn/dc)protein, the (dn/dc)DNA, and an optical constant, K, (4) calculating a DNA extinction coefficient of the sample, εDNA, and (5) calculating quality attribute values of the sample.

A system includes a method and apparatus suitable for measuring planar drop sizes in a liquid spray. Measurement may involve illuminating the spray with multiple lasers and measuring the scattered intensities at several view angles using linear arrays. The system may use inverse calculation of the measured scattered intensity to estimate the local drop sizes across the entire plane in a spray. The system includes radiation detectors containing sensing elements, a lens systems, and analog to digital conversion board to convert scattered intensities to drop sizes. In addition, the system may include choppers including at least two unique filters. The filters may be selectively placed in a path between the spray and the sensing elements. By selectively placing a single array may measure both a scattered intensity and an extinction of laser light emitted from the spray.

Provided by the inventive concept or nanoplastic or microplastic particles, reference standard materials including nanoplastic or microplastic particles, methods of using, and methods of preparing the same. Uses of the nanoplastic and/or microplastic particles of the inventive concept include tracking of nanoplastic and/or microplastic particle dispersion/distribution in environmental and/or biological systems, as well as in organisms that are within the environment.

An industrially scalable process for producing substantially monodisperse compositions of phytoglycogen nanoparticles from phytoglycogen-containing plant materials is provided that avoids the use of chemical, enzymatic or thermo treatments that degrade the phytoglycogen material. Also provided are phytoglycogen nanoparticle compositions produced by these processes.

A method serves for determining particles (3), in particular bacteria in fluid and operates using an imaging optical device with a light source (1), with an optical sensor (4) with a field of light-sensitive pixels and with a fluid sample, which is to be examined, arranged between the light source (1) and the sensor (4). Characteristics of at least one particle (3), which is detected with regard to imaging, are compared to characteristics of a characteristics collection for determining the detected particle (3). The image acquisition is effected with darkfield technology and a light-sensitive pixel comprises several subpixels which are used for image acquisition.