A measurement system is disclosed and includes a light source, a receiver, a measurement subject, and a reflector. The reflector is disposed on an opposite side of the measurement subject than are the light source and the receiver.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to a multi-pass gas cell that includes a set of two or more reflectors, an input collimating optical component, and an output focusing optical component. The input and output optical components are integrated with at least one of the two or more reflectors. For example, the input and output optical components may be integrated on opposite ends of a single one of the reflectors or may be integrated on the same end of a single reflector. The input and output optical components may further be integrated with different reflectors. In some examples, the set of reflectors and optical components may be fabricated within the same substrate.

Systems and methods are described, and one method includes passing an optical beam through a volume of the gas to a reception surface, applying spectroanalysis to the optical beam received at the reception surface, and determining from the spectroanalysis whether a liquid is carried by the volume of the gas.

A cuvette in which a fluorescent enzymatic reaction can be carried out that is for analyzing a sample includes at least one vertical wall and a bottom. The cuvette is made of a transparent or translucent material and a portion of the cuvette is partially covered on the outside with a sleeve including an inner coating made of retro-reflective material that is in contact with the cuvette.

A microplate reader includes multiple light projecting/receiving units, the number of the light projecting/receiving units being equal to or greater than the number of wells of the microplate, each light projecting/receiving unit including a light projecting unit and a light receiving unit that correspond to one of the wells of the microplate; a reflection member configured to reflect light having passed through samples stored in the wells from the light projecting/receiving units to the light projecting/receiving units; and a light guide part including projecting-light guide paths each configured to guide the light emitted from the light projecting unit to the sample, receiving-light guide paths each configured to guide the light reflected by the reflection member and having passed through the sample to the light receiving unit, and a surrounding member including a pigment-containing resin surrounding the projecting-light guide paths and the receiving-light guide paths.

An occult blood testing device is disclosed. The occult blood testing device includes a main body, a plurality of ribs, at least one light emitting unit, and at least one light sensing unit, wherein the ribs are disposed on an outer surface of the main body, and the light emitting unit and the light sensing unit are disposed in an accommodation space of the main body. The light emitting unit emits an incident light beam and aims the incident light beam towards a direction of an open end of the main body at a test solution, and the light sensing unit receives a detection light beam formed by the incident light beam that penetrated the test solution. When a filter unit is sleeved over the main body, a part of the filter unit is supported by the ribs and a gap is formed between the filter unit and the outer surface of the main body. Through the gap, gas in the accommodation space of the main body can be expelled to prevent the gas existence from affecting the accuracy of the occult blood test.

A microplate reader includes multiple light projecting/receiving units, the number of the light projecting/receiving units being equal to or greater than the number of wells of the microplate, each light projecting/receiving unit including a light projecting unit and a light receiving unit that correspond to one of the wells of the microplate; a reflection member configured to reflect light having passed through samples stored in the wells from the light projecting/receiving units to the light projecting/receiving units; and a light guide part including projecting-light guide paths each configured to guide the light emitted from the light projecting unit to the sample, receiving-light guide paths each configured to guide the light reflected by the reflection member and having passed through the sample to the light receiving unit, and a surrounding member including a pigment-containing resin surrounding the projecting-light guide paths and the receiving-light guide paths.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to a multi-pass gas cell that includes a set of two or more reflectors, an input collimating optical component, and an output focusing optical component. The input and output optical components are integrated with at least one of the two or more reflectors. For example, the input and output optical components may be integrated on opposite ends of a single one of the reflectors or may be integrated on the same end of a single reflector. The input and output optical components may further be integrated with different reflectors. In some examples, the set of reflectors and optical components may be fabricated within the same substrate.

A cutting tool with a cutting region and a connecting support region where the support region is designed to connect to an external motor assembly. The cutting tool is also has a porous region that is integrated within a portion of the tool such that as the tool cuts material the porous region can allow samples of the cut material to permeate into an internal chamber of the tool. Once in the internal chamber material samples can be analyzed in-situ for direct composition analysis.

A gas detection system, comprising: a humidity measuring apparatus that measures humidity; a transmitting apparatus that includes a light source which emits an optical signal of a plurality of wavelengths; and a receiving apparatus including: a light detection part that receives the optical signal from the transmitting apparatus; a discrimination part that determines whether or not condensation exists in at least one region of regions where the optical signal passes, based on the humidity measured by the humidity measuring apparatus and a light intensity of the optical signal received by the light detection part.