Methods for simultaneously determining the concentrations of transition metal compounds in solutions containing two or more transition metal compounds are described. Polymerization reactor systems providing real-time monitoring and control of the concentrations of the transition metal components of a multicomponent catalyst system are disclosed, as well as methods for operating such polymerization reactor systems, and for improving methods of preparing the multicomponent catalyst system.

A demultiplexed filtering method includes propagating an optical beam from an input optical fiber to a diffraction grating to produce a first and a second diffracted beam having a respective first center wavelength λ.sub.1 and a second center-wavelength λ.sub.2>λ.sub.1 of the optical beam. The first diffracted beam propagates back toward the input optical fiber at a first diffracted angle determined in part by λ.sub.1 and a diffraction order m1 of the first diffracted beam. The second diffracted beam propagates back toward the input optical fiber at a second diffracted angle determined in part by λ.sub.2 and a diffraction order m.sub.2<m.sub.1. The method also includes (i) coupling the first diffracted beam into a first optical fiber of a one-dimensional optical-fiber array that includes the input optical fiber, and (ii) coupling the second diffracted beam into a second optical fiber of the one-dimensional optical-fiber array.

Disclosed herein is a system and method for monitoring a gaseous fire suppression blend. The system includes a sensor array having a plurality of sensors disposed in a protected space, wherein the sensor array can detect and quantify more than one component of the gaseous fire suppression blend.

A cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) system is provided that utilizes collimators the incorporate gradient index (GRIN) lenses in lieu of conventional spherical or aspheric refractive lenses. The use of smaller diameter GRIN lenses facilitates a reduced initial beam size entering the sample cavity, which reduces self-interference noise and increases a signal to noise ratio of the measurements. Further, a reduced size and mass of the GRIN lens can reduce a size of the mounting hardware utilized to mount the optical components, which enables more laser beams to be coupled to a single gas cell compared to a similar gas cell integrated with conventional refractive collimators. A larger number of lasers enables more gas peaks to be measured substantially simultaneously using the CEAS system.

The present invention is an underwater analysis device (10) for analyzing absorption capacity of water. Accordingly, the subject matter device is characterized by comprising a body (100) having a sealed first casing (110) which accommodates a sealed illumination window (111); a sealed second casing (130) which accommodates a sealed measurement window (131); a prismatic hollow water chamber (120) provided between said first casing (110) and said second casing (130) and arranged such that a first inlet (121) thereof faces said illumination window (111) and such that a second inlet (122) thereof faces said measurement window (131); said water chamber (120) comprises pluralities water transfer openings (123); said first casing (110) comprises a light emitting unit (113) arranged to emit test light from the illumination window (111) towards the measurement window (131); said second casing (130) comprises a light sensing unit (133) arranged to at least partially receive the test light passing through the water in the water chamber (120) and to embody in a manner generating signal in accordance with the density of the received test light components.

According to various embodiments, systems and methods for determining carbon dioxide detection in arthropods. An embodiment may include determining at least one resonant frequency of an arthropod sensory organ and an absorption spectrum of at least one odorant. A frequency filter may be applied to the absorption spectrum to eliminate frequencies below a given intensity value. Of the frequencies remaining from the absorption spectrum, those frequencies corresponding to relative peaks in absorption intensity may be selected. An olfactory chord including a group of the selected frequencies corresponding to the relative peaks in absorption intensity with at least one specific frequency that matches the at least one resonant frequency of the arthropod sensory organ. Additionally, at least one radiation source may be configured to emit electromagnetic radiation corresponding to the olfactory chord.

Methods for simultaneously determining the concentrations of transition metal compounds in solutions containing two or more transition metal compounds are described. Polymerization reactor systems providing real-time monitoring and control of the concentrations of the transition metal components of a multicomponent catalyst system are disclosed, as well as methods for operating such polymerization reactor systems, and for improving methods of preparing the multicomponent catalyst system.

The present invention relates generally to a slope spectroscopy standards and methods of making slope spectroscopy standards, specifically standards and methods of developing standards specifically for variable pathlength (slope) measurements.

A system and method for controlling an emitter assembly comprising a single electromagnetic radiation source for visualizing a surgical site. The emitter assembly comprises a light valve assembly that is coupled to a control circuit. The emitter assembly is configured to emit visible light, infrared radiation, or a combination thereof in either structured or unstructured formats. The control circuit is configured to control the light valve assembly to control which emitter of the emitter assembly is emitting electromagnetic radiation. The light valve assembly can include light valves for controlling whether an emitter receives electromagnetic radiation. Further, the control circuit can control the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the source in accordance with which emitter is receiving electromagnetic radiation.

Optical data is collected from an optical sensor of a dual wavelength, and in order to detect the fire from the collected optical data, an average value of a first wavelength, an average value of a second wavelength, and a ratio of the average values of the two wavelengths are calculated, and an amount of change of a slope of the ratio is used to detect the fire and determine the fire occurrence time. From the determined fire occurrence time, fire features are extracted from the optical data in real time according to defined rules to configure a data set. The data set may be used for learning and inference techniques to identify a fire or non-fire, a fire source, a combustion material, and the like.