A detection method uses a reaction vessel including a container including a housing part having a first opening opened at an upper portion and a second opening opened at a side portion, and a side wall member fixed to the container so that a capturing region on a metal film is exposed in the second opening. First, a liquid containing a specimen is provided to the housing part. Next, the liquid in the housing part is stirred to capture, into the capturing region, a substance to be detected in the liquid. Next, the metal film is irradiated with light so that surface plasmon resonance occurs in the metal film, and light emitted from the reaction vessel and having a light amount changing depending on the amount of the substance to be detected captured in the capturing region is detected. In the step of providing the liquid to the housing part, an amount of liquid in which the liquid is not in contact with the capturing region when the liquid in the housing part is left still, and the liquid is in contact with the capturing region when the liquid in the housing part is stirred is provided to the housing part.

An analysis method for detecting an amount of a substance by irradiating an analysis chip containing the substance and detecting a quantity of light output from the analysis chip. The analysis method including irradiating an incident surface of the analysis chip and another surface adjacent to the incident surface with detection light while changing a relative position of the detection light with respect to the analysis chip, detecting reflected light from the incident surface of the analysis chip, and acquiring information on a position of the analysis chip from a relationship between a quantity of the reflected light detected and the relative position. The analysis method determines if the analysis chip is abnormal when a quantity of target reflected light is equal to or lower than a predetermined light quantity.

A flow cell applicator system can include a flow cell applicator including multiple flow cells to deposit multiple substance spots on a deposition surface, and a positioning assembly to position, to dock, and to unlock the multiple flow cells relative to the deposition surface. The substance spots can be depositable when the multiple flow cells are docked on the deposition surface. The flow cell applicator system can also include a spot deposition identifier operably associated with a processor to: record data related to substance spots as applied on the deposition surface, identify data related to substance spots previously deposited on the deposition surface, or both.

A self-heating biosensor based on lossy mode resonance (LMR) includes a waveguide unit and a lossy mode resonance layer. The waveguide unit is a flat plate, including two planes and at least two sets of opposite sides. One set of the opposite sides of the waveguide unit has a light input end and a light output end. The lossy mode resonance layer is disposed on one of the planes of the waveguide unit. Two heating electrodes are formed at two positions of the lossy mode resonance layer, and the two positions are relevant to one set of the opposite sides of the waveguide unit. A biomaterial sensing region having bioprobes are formed between the two heating electrodes. The present disclosure further includes a using method relevant to the self-heating biosensor based on lossy mode resonance.

Provided are MXene-containing electrodes, display devices, electrochromic devices, and other optoelectronic devices, which devices can include transparent and/or colored MXene materials. In particular, MXenes can be used as transparent conducting electrodes based on their comparatively high electrical conductivity and high work function. An electrode, comprising: a substrate; a portion of MXene material disposed on the substrate; a hole-injection material disposed on the MXene material; an organic layer in electronic communication with the hole-injection material; and a conductor material in electronic communication with the hole-injection material.

A method for detecting biomarkers with shortened test time and enhanced precision is provided. A sample from the body fluid is made to flow over a sensor surface coated with a capture antibody to allow binding of a biomarker in the sample to the capture body. An optical method detects and counts the individual binding events along the sensor surface with single molecule resolution, and difference in the binding events along the sensor surface is detected in real-time and analyzed to determine the biomarker concentration.

A technique is provided for weakly coupling an absorber to a plasmonic device by placing an isolation layer in between them. This technique enables the spectral selective nature of a plasmonic device to be used in conjunction with an absorber. This technique optimizes the trade-off of near-field coupling and spectral selectivity to allow for deep sub-pixel examination of a scene, and is thus suited for multispectral imagers, among other applications.

A plasmonic hierarchical structure according to an embodiment includes a nanogap formed between metal nanoparticles. The nanogap has a width of 1 nm to 100 nm. The metal nanoparticles comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), platinum (Pt), and palladium (Pd). The plasmonic hierarchical structure further includes silica (SiO.sub.2) nanoparticles or CdSe quantum dots. A method for producing a plasmonic hierarchical structure according to an embodiment includes: injecting a metal nanoparticle solution into a micropipette; releasing the metal nanoparticle solution by bringing the micropipette into contact with a substrate; and forming a meniscus of the released metal nanoparticle solution, thereby producing a plasmonic hierarchical structure.

The present invention relates to providing a detection device that has high robustness against a temperature change and a temporal change and that is capable of detecting a substance to be detected with high accuracy. The detection device of the present invention is a detection device that detects presence or an amount of a substance to be detected using an enhanced electric field based on surface plasmon resonance, the detection device having a light projecting unit for irradiating a metal film of a detection chip held by a chip holder with excitation light via a prism. The light projecting unit includes: a light source; a diaphragm for regulating an amount of light from the light source; and a conjugate optical system that optically conjugates an opening portion of the diaphragm and a region of the metal film irradiated with the excitation light.

Plasmonic optical fibers, plasmonic optical sensors and methods of manufacturing the same. A fiber core conveys an optical signal therewithin and provides a plasmonic sensing area exposed to a fluid. The plasmonic sensing area is formed only on a section of an external surface of the fiber core. The plasmonic sensing area provides an interface within the section of the external surface for the conveyed signal to at least partially exit the fiber core and cause a modified optical signal to be conveyed in the fiber core. An optical signal generator may provide the optical signal to the plasmonic optical fiber, an optical signal receiver may discriminate the conveyed optical signal from the modified optical signal and a processor module may analyze the modified optical signal and identifies physical characteristics of the fluid present at the sensing area.