Provided is a liquid sensor or the like that is relatively easy to manufacture. The liquid sensor includes a light emitting element, an optical waveguide, a light receiving element, and a detection circuit. The optical waveguide includes a first pillar portion, a first metal plate, a second pillar portion, and a second metal plate. The first metal plate is embedded in the first pillar portion. The second pillar portion is provided at a position opposing the first pillar portion. The second metal plate is embedded in the second pillar portion. A space for liquid is formed between the first pillar portion and the second pillar portion. The first pillar portion includes a first end surface that faces the light emitting element. The first metal plate includes a first reflecting portion that is tilted relative to the first end surface and reflects light toward the second pillar portion. The second pillar portion includes a second end surface that faces the light receiving element. The second metal plate includes a second reflecting portion that is tilted relative to the second end surface and reflects the light from the first metal plate toward the light receiving element.

Provided is a liquid sensor that can more accurately detect the state of a liquid. The liquid sensor includes a light emitting element, an optical waveguide, a light receiving element, and a detection circuit. The light receiving element is configured to receive light that was emitted by the light emitting element and passed through the optical waveguide. The detection circuit is configured to detect output of the light receiving element. The optical waveguide includes a first pillar portion that extends straight and a second pillar portion that extends straight. The second pillar portion is provided at a position opposing the first pillar portion. A space for liquid is formed between the first pillar portion and the second pillar portion. The first pillar portion includes a first end surface that faces the light emitting element, and a second end surface that is tilted relative to the first end surface and reflects light toward the second pillar portion. The second pillar portion includes a third end surface that faces the light receiving element, and a fourth end surface that is tilted relative to the third end surface and is configured to reflect light from the second end surface toward the light receiving element.

The disclosure relates to an apparatus, method and process for detecting rare earth elements. The system includes an LED powered by a first power source and a focusing lens in optical communication with the LED. A shortpass filter is in optical communication with the focusing lens; and a fiber bifurcated cable in optical communication with the shortpass filter. The system includes a probe tip in optical communication with the fiber bifurcated cable and a sample; a first aspheric lens in optical communication with the fiber bifurcated cable. A longpass filter is in optical communication with the first aspheric lens and a second aspheric lens in optical communication with the longpass filter. The system includes a spectrometer connected to a power source, where the spectrometer is in optical communication with the second aspheric lens.

A downhole fluid analysis system includes an optical sensor comprising, which includes a light source configured to emit light comprising a plurality of wavelengths, a light detector, and an optical tip through which at least a portion of the light travels and returns to the detector, wherein the incident angle of the light causes total internal reflection within the optical tip. The system further includes a piezoelectric helm resonator that generates a resonance response in response to an applied current, and an electromagnetic spectroscopy sensor positioned symmetrically with respect to the piezoelectric helm resonator in at least one direction. The light may be reflected in the optical tip at one or more reflection points, and each reflection point may generate an evanescent wave in a medium surrounding the optical tip. The light may be internally reflected in the optical tip at a plurality of reflection points.

An optical process sensor for measuring at least one measured variable of a medium in a container includes: a housing; a light source in the housing for emitting transmission light; a light detector in the housing for receiving reception light; and an interface including a first mechanical section, which is an integrated part of the housing, and a first optical section having a first path and a first light guide, wherein the first light guide is configured such that transmission light is guided from the light source into the first path via the first light guide and decouples transmission light from the housing, and having a second path and a second light guide, wherein the second light guide is configured such that reception light is coupled into the interior of the housing and guided from the second path to the light detector via the second light guide.

An optical probe includes an elongate hollow probe body, an optical window mounted at a distal end of the probe body for transmitting light therethrough, an ultrasonic transducer mounted within the probe body for applying ultrasonic vibrations to the optical window for cleaning the optical window, and one or more light guides located within the probe body for transmitting light through the optical window to a measurement region and/or for receiving light transmitted through the optical window from the measurement region. The ultrasonic transducer is located within the distal end of the probe body adjacent the optical window to transmit ultrasonic vibrations directly from the ultrasonic transducer to the window.

Provided is a liquid sensor that can more accurately detect the state of a liquid. The liquid sensor includes a light emitting element, an optical waveguide, a light receiving element, and a detection circuit. The light receiving element is configured to receive light that was emitted by the light emitting element and passed through the optical waveguide. The detection circuit is configured to detect output of the light receiving element. The optical waveguide includes a first pillar portion that extends straight and a second pillar portion that extends straight. The second pillar portion is provided at a position opposing the first pillar portion. A space for liquid is formed between the first pillar portion and the second pillar portion. The first pillar portion includes a first end surface that faces the light emitting element, and a second end surface that is tilted relative to the first end surface and reflects light toward the second pillar portion. The second pillar portion includes a third end surface that faces the light receiving element, and a fourth end surface that is tilted relative to the third end surface and is configured to reflect light from the second end surface toward the light receiving element.

An in situ near infrared sensing unit includes a housing allowing the sensing unit to be inserted in a variety of media. A transparent window is formed in the sidewall of the housing. A sensing element is mounted inside the housing. The sensing element is configured to emit near infrared light provided from a light source external to the housing, and the sensing element is configured to collect near infrared light transmitted through the transparent window. A mirror is mounted in the housing at an angle with respect to the transparent window and opposite the sensing element. The angle allows the mirror to reflect the near infrared light, emitted by the sensing element, through the transparent window.

Disclosed is an optical sensor device for detecting a chemical analyte including a light source configured to generate probe light having a first wavelength spectrum, an optical fiber sensor probe including a mechanically processed optical fiber segment which is chemically functionalized to include a sensing material formed on exterior of the fiber segment, the optical fiber sensor probe coupled to receive and guide the generated probe light inside the optical fiber sensor probe while allowing optical evanescent coupling between probe light guided inside the optical fiber sensor probe and the sensing material, and a detector coupled to the optical fiber sensor probe to optically detect the guided probe light to obtain information on a material property of the sensing material.

An optical process sensor for measuring at least one measured variable of a medium in a container includes: a housing; a light source in the housing for emitting transmission light; a light detector in the housing for receiving reception light; and an interface including a first mechanical section, which is an integrated part of the housing, and a first optical section having a first path and a first light guide, wherein the first light guide is configured such that transmission light is guided from the light source into the first path via the first light guide and decouples transmission light from the housing, and having a second path and a second light guide, wherein the second light guide is configured such that reception light is coupled into the interior of the housing and guided from the second path to the light detector via the second light guide.