A device and a method of using the device for determining hematocrit in a whole blood sample. The device includes a first portion having an introducer, at least one fluid channel, a fluid actuator, and an analysis sensor and conductivity sensor disposed within the fluid channel. The second portion includes at least one well containing at least one material. The first portion and second portion are movable with respect to each other. The introducer is configured to transfer at least a portion of the material from the well in portion two into the fluid channel of portion one. The method includes measuring the resistance over substantially the entire portion of a whole blood sample and calculating an average hematocrit level of the whole blood sample based on the measured resistance.

Disclosed are a method and apparatus for automatically measuring water quality and usage of tap water. The method of measuring water quality of tap water includes obtaining, by a control device in the water metering apparatus, water quality data with respect to the large amount of tap water supplied through the distribution pipe using a water quality sensor installed on a particular coupling member among the plurality of coupling members and transmitting, by the control device in the water metering apparatus, the water quality data with respect to the large amount of tap water, which is obtained from the water quality sensor, to an analysis server.

Disclosed are a method and apparatus for automatically measuring water quality and usage of tap water. The method of measuring water quality of tap water includes obtaining, by a control device in the water metering apparatus, water quality data with respect to the large amount of tap water supplied through the distribution pipe using a water quality sensor installed on a particular coupling member among the plurality of coupling members and transmitting, by the control device in the water metering apparatus, the water quality data with respect to the large amount of tap water, which is obtained from the water quality sensor, to an analysis server.

Described herein are cartridges and devices for operating said cartridges for analyzing a biological sample, such as a blood or saliva sample. Also described herein is an impedance sensor for analyzing a biological sample. Further described herein are methods of determining a cell count or detecting an analyte in a biological sample, which can include transporting the biological sample through a sensor comprising a channel or pore; applying an electrical current or voltage to the channel or pore; detecting an impedance within the channel or pore; and determining a cell count or detecting the analyte based on the detected impedance. Also described herein is an electrowetting electrode array that is configured to transport aqueous solutions using low voltage, such as about 50 volts or less. Further described herein are methods of transporting an aqueous liquid using electrowetting electrodes.

Described herein are cartridges and devices for operating said cartridges for analyzing a biological sample, such as a blood or saliva sample. Also described herein is an impedance sensor for analyzing a biological sample. Further described herein are methods of determining a cell count or detecting an analyte in a biological sample, which can include transporting the biological sample through a sensor comprising a channel or pore; applying an electrical current or voltage to the channel or pore; detecting an impedance within the channel or pore; and determining a cell count or detecting the analyte based on the detected impedance. Also described herein is an electrowetting electrode array that is configured to transport aqueous solutions using low voltage, such as about 50 volts or less. Further described herein are methods of transporting an aqueous liquid using electrowetting electrodes.

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus or methodology for detecting one or more contaminants and/or measuring watering quality in a water supply system, which may be installed at any place chosen by a user so as to detect the one or more contaminants and/or measure the quality of water flowing through a pipe of the water supply system, such as tap water, water purifier, drinking water storage facility, or water intake facility. The present disclosure provides numerous benefits over the existing technology including convenience of handling with ease and safe fastening and installment of the apparatus for detecting one or more contaminants and/or measuring quality of water. Furthermore, the present technology enables the monitoring of the contamination level of the water delivered in the water supply system at any time chosen by the user because the contamination can be detected and/or the water quality can be measured and monitored in a wireless environment either continuously or intermittently through a wireless communication system with a remote user device.

An electro-magnetic induction fluid conductivity sensor is described which includes a hollow non-conductive body defining a fluid chamber. The fluid chamber has a first end and a second end. A voltage transformer is provided which is capable of inducing an electric field into fluid positioned within the fluid chamber, thereby causing an electric current to flow through the fluid. An instrument is provide for measuring the electric current. A conductive shunt receives the electric current induced by the voltage transformer in the liquid at the first end of the sample chamber and returning the electric current to the second end to complete an electrical circuit.

An electro-magnetic induction fluid conductivity sensor is described which includes a hollow non-conductive body defining a fluid chamber. The fluid chamber has a first end and a second end. A voltage transformer is provided which is capable of inducing an electric field into fluid positioned within the fluid chamber, thereby causing an electric current to flow through the fluid. An instrument is provide for measuring the electric current. A conductive shunt receives the electric current induced by the voltage transformer in the liquid at the first end of the sample chamber and returning the electric current to the second end to complete an electrical circuit.

Systems, apparatus, and methods for sensing species in fluids. In accordance with some embodiments, methods comprise activities such as diverting of the fluid into an analytics spool. These methods also comprise causing the fluid to separate into layers. Furthermore, they comprise sensing the type of fluid flowing at a position where water is likely to flow. Some methods further comprise sensing a pressure, a temperature, and a total dissolved solids concentration in the fluid. Moreover, such methods can comprise comparing those conditions to precipitation curves for a plurality of species. These methods can also comprise determining whether a particular species might be precipitating from the fluid. Some methods comprise sensing a carbon dioxide and an oxygen concentration in the fluid. Moreover, such methods can comprise determining whether a ratio between the carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations has changed. Additionally, or alternatively, such methods can comprise sensing a hydrogen sulfide concentration.

The invention relates to a flow cell for absorption detection, in which a tube through which flow is to pass is held at its opposite ends in a supporting flange in each case and is suspended in a substantially cantilevered manner, the two supporting flanges being connected rigidly to each other in order to avoid stresses accidentally introduced into the tube.