A gas sensor, which includes a solid electrolyte layer including positive charge carriers to which detection-target gas coordinates, an electrode arranged on part of a plane of the solid electrolyte layer, and a unit configured to accelerate movements of the positive charge carriers.

An anomaly determination apparatus determines an anomaly of a current control apparatus which supplies a control current to a control target and includes a current anomaly determination section. The current anomaly determination section is configured to compare a normal numerical range within which a state quantity changing with the control current falls in a particular state with a particular state quantity which is the state quantity corresponding to the control current generated by the control current generation section in the particular state, and determine that at least one of the reference resistor, the reference current generation section, and the control current generation section is in an anomalous state in the case where the particular state quantity has deviated from the normal numerical range. By using the current anomaly determination section, the anomaly determination apparatus can determine an anomaly of the current control apparatus.

A MEMS-based alcohol sensor, comprising a MEMS technology-based alcohol measurement module, an MCU processor (12), a circuit substrate (10), and a housing (30) that covers the circuit substrate (10). The alcohol measurement module outputs a concentration signal to the MCU processor (12) by means of a sampling and amplification circuit module, the MCU processor (12) processes the concentration signal and then outputs an alcohol concentration value. The MEMS technology-based alcohol measurement module and the MCU processor (12) are integrated in the housing (30), so the entire alcohol sensor is small in size, and can be applied to a mobile phone, a wearable device, etc.

A refrigerant analyzer including a pump, a filtering device, a temperature/humidity regulator, an electrochemical sensor, and a control device, wherein the refrigerant analyzer is configured to circulate conditioned air through the sensing chamber for an initialization duration of time to obtain an initial output value, determine whether the initial output value is stabilized below a predetermined initial limit, circulate a refrigerant through the sensing chamber for a sensing duration of time, operate the control device to measure a sensed output value, and operate the control device to determine a measured concentration of at least one contaminant within the refrigerant based on the sensed output value.

A failure detection apparatus for a gas sensor includes an electronic control unit configured to: perform control so that a predetermined voltage, which is a positive voltage and is a voltage lower than a limiting current range when the gas sensor does not fail, is applied between a pair of electrodes; acquire a determination current, which is a current flowing between the pair of electrodes when the predetermined voltage is applied between the pair of electrodes; and determine whether the gas sensor fails based on the acquired determination current.

A gas sensor, which includes a solid electrolyte layer including positive charge carriers to which detection-target gas coordinates, an electrode arranged on part of a plane of the solid electrolyte layer, and a unit configured to accelerate movements of the positive charge carriers.

The control section of a control apparatus executes a first control for operating a voltage application section such as to cause a current to flow in a first direction through a gas sensor in a first period, and a second control for operating the voltage application section such as to cause a current to flow in a second direction, opposite to the first direction, through the gas sensor in a second period. The control apparatus changes the length of at least one of the first period and the second period based on a comparison between a first measurement value, which is the absolute value of a value measured by a sweep measurement section during execution of the first control, and a second measurement value, which is the absolute value of a value measured by the sweep measurement section during execution of the second control.

Continuous monitoring of acetone is a challenge using related art sensing methods. Though real-time detection of acetone from different biofluids is promising, signal interference from other biomarkers remains an issue. A minor fluctuation of the signals in the micro-ampere range can cause substantial overlapping in linear/polynomial calibration fittings. To address the above in non-invasive detection, principal component analysis (PCA) can be used to generate specific patterns for different concentration points of acetone in the subspace. This results in improvement of the problem of overlapping of the signals between two different concentration points of the data sets while eliminating dimensionality and redundancy of data variables. An algorithm following PCA can be incorporated in a microcontroller of a sensor, resulting in a functional wearable acetone sensor. Acetone in the physiological range (0.5 ppm to 4 ppm) can be detected with such a sensor.

An apparatus that is m- or nm-scale in size and can include integrated circuitry logic based on sub 10 nm SIA transistor nodes, a sensing subsystem, a deciding subsystem, an effecting subsystem, and a power harvesting system is described. The sensing subsystem can identify pathogenic entities, including disease associated cells (for example, cancer cells, autoimmune cells, or pathological microbes) or viruses. The sensing subsystem can include at least one pad constructed of an electrically conductive material and linkers attached to the at least one pad. Each linker can also be attached to a targeting agent (for example, an antibody fragment) or a reference agent. Upon the binding of a targeting agent with an entity of interest, the information is transferred to the logic circuitry, which processes the binding event information and decides whether the entity is disease associated (e.g., a disease associated cell or virus) and requires delivery of therapeutic agents or other treatment.

A gas concentration detection device includes a pump cell, a sensor cell, a monitor cell, a sensor current detection unit detecting a current outputted by the sensor cell, a monitor current detection unit detecting a current outputted by the monitor cell, a voltage adjustment unit adjusting a pump cell voltage applied to the pump cell, and a sensitivity determination unit determining a gas sensitivity of at least one of the sensor cell or the monitor cell. The voltage adjustment unit changes the pump cell voltage from a target voltage into a detection voltage where the concentration of the residual oxygen supplied to the sensor cell and the monitor cell is increased. The sensitivity determination unit determines the gas sensitivity based on a detection current detected by at least one of the sensor current detection unit or the monitor current detection unit in accordance with the concentration of the residual oxygen.