Disclosed herein is a molecular imprinted air filter for removing, detecting and/or reporting specific agents and/or molecules and comprising one or more air-permeable layers of molecular imprinted material positioned to contact molecules and/or agents in an airborne, and/or microdroplet-borne environment, a bioactive molecular imprint of a molecule that captures a specific airborne, fluid borne, and/or microdroplet-borne molecule, particle, or agent, and an electronic enhancement.

A potentiometric oxygen sensor for measuring an oxygen concentration of a liquid metal, which includes a metal tube forming at least one sensor body part, an electrochemical subassembly, and an insert made of a transition metal from group 4 of the Periodic Table or its alloy. The electrochemical subassembly contains an electrolyte, intended to be in contact with the liquid metal, and a reference electrode contained in the electrolyte, the electrolyte being made of yttrium-doped or calcium-doped hafnia (HfO.sub.2), or of thoria (ThO.sub.2), which is optionally yttrium-doped or calcium-doped, or of yttrium-doped or calcium-doped zirconia (ZrO.sub.2). The reference electrode contains at least one metal and its oxide form at the operating temperature of the potentiometric oxygen sensor. The insert is arranged between the sensor body part and the electrolyte, and is attached to the sensor body part and brazed onto the electrolyte by a brazing joint.

A microbial sensor, system and method that can be used to determine the chemical environment and/or substrate concentrations in saturated and unsaturated natural and environments, such as soils, aquifers and sediments are disclosed. The system may be used for monitoring municipal and industrial treatment facilities and sites where chemicals or contaminants were released to natural environments. The electrochemical microbial sensor system can be referenced using either a cathode exposed to oxygen or a reference cell (silver/silver chloride or calomel) for monitoring natural or man-made environments.

A microbial sensor, system and method that can be used to determine the chemical environment and/or substrate concentrations in saturated and unsaturated natural and environments, such as soils, aquifers and sediments are disclosed. The system may be used for monitoring municipal and industrial treatment facilities and sites where chemicals or contaminants were released to natural environments. The electrochemical microbial sensor system can be referenced using either a cathode exposed to oxygen or a reference cell (silver/silver chloride or calomel) for monitoring natural or man-made environments.

The present disclosure discloses a method and system for designing a solution heat-treatment process of a single-crystal superalloy, and relates to the field of numerical simulation-material processing crossover techniques. The method includes: determining a solidus temperature distribution of an as-cast single-crystal superalloy sample based on a relationship between an element concentration and a solidus temperature according to an element concentration distribution extracted from the as-cast single-crystal superalloy sample; subjecting the as-cast single-crystal superalloy sample to solution heat-treatment simulation by a phase-field method to obtain a post-treatment element concentration distribution after a simulation time step of heat preservation at an incipient melting temperature; determining a segregation coefficient of each element; when segregation coefficients of all elements are within a preset range, denoting all incipient melting temperatures and corresponding current simulation times as solution heat-treatment simulation results; and determining an actual solution heat-treatment process of the as-cast single-crystal superalloy sample.

The present disclosure discloses a method and system for designing a solution heat-treatment process of a single-crystal superalloy, and relates to the field of numerical simulation-material processing crossover techniques. The method includes: determining a solidus temperature distribution of an as-cast single-crystal superalloy sample based on a relationship between an element concentration and a solidus temperature according to an element concentration distribution extracted from the as-cast single-crystal superalloy sample; subjecting the as-cast single-crystal superalloy sample to solution heat-treatment simulation by a phase-field method to obtain a post-treatment element concentration distribution after a simulation time step of heat preservation at an incipient melting temperature; determining a segregation coefficient of each element; when segregation coefficients of all elements are within a preset range, denoting all incipient melting temperatures and corresponding current simulation times as solution heat-treatment simulation results; and determining an actual solution heat-treatment process of the as-cast single-crystal superalloy sample.

The invention relates to an oxygen detecting element comprising a coated pin and a method for measuring the oxygen content of a metal melt with an oxygen detecting element. The coated pin comprises an electrically conductive core, which is eccentrically arranged in a coating. The coating comprises at least a two-layered coating section with an inner coating layer comprising a reference material and an outer coating layer comprising an electrolyte material. The invention further relates to an immersion sensor comprising the oxygen detecting element and a method for measuring the oxygen content of a metal melt with such an oxygen detecting element.

An oxygen detecting element, comprising a coated pin. The coated pin comprises an electrically conductive core with a tapered section towards one end. The coating comprises a two-layered coating structure on a tip portion and a three-layered coating structure on a main portion of the electrically conductive core, wherein the tapered section has the same length or is longer than the tip portion. The invention further relates to an immersion sensor comprising the oxygen detecting element and a method for measuring the oxygen content of a metal melt with such an oxygen detecting element.

A measuring probe for a molten metal, comprising a sensor unit adapted to determine at least one parameter of the molten metal, a signal line connected to the sensor und and a carrier element. The sensor unit comprises a sensing element and a metal body. The signal line comprises at least two wires and the inner diameter of the carrier tube is between 7 to 20 times the outer diameter of the wires. In a further aspect, the invention relates to a method to measure the at least one parameter of a metal melt.

A measuring probe for a molten metal, comprising a sensor unit adapted to determine at least one parameter of the molten metal, a signal line connected to the sensor und and a carrier element. The sensor unit comprises a sensing element and a metal body. The signal line comprises at least two wires and the inner diameter of the carrier tube is between 7 to 20 times the outer diameter of the wires. In a further aspect, the invention relates to a method to measure the at least one parameter of a metal melt.