Embodiments of a gas detector with a first gas sensor having a first gas specificity and a first response time and a second gas sensor having a second gas specificity and a second response time. The first gas specificity is different than the second gas specificity, the first response time is different than the second response time, or both the first gas specificity and the first response time are different than the second gas specificity and the second response time. A readout and analysis circuit is coupled to the first and second gas sensors to read and analyze data from the first and second gas sensors, and a control circuit is coupled to the readout and analysis circuit and to the first and second gas sensors to execute logic that operates the first gas sensor, the second gas sensor, or both the first and second gas sensors.

A method for evaluating a degree of transformation ratio of kerogen to oil and/or gas and/or gas to oil generation index using a pyrolysis gas chromatography is disclosed. The method comprises providing a rock sample in powdered form; determining, by a source rock analysis instrument, total organic carbon in said rock sample, remaining hydrocarbon generation potential in rock sample, and a maturity of rock sample; feeding said sample in a pyrolyzer if said sample satisfies a pre-defined condition; analyzing, said sample in said pyrolyzer, by heating said sample at a pre-specified pyrolysis temperature in pre-specified pyrolysis steps and for pre-specified pyrolysis time; determining, by a gas chromatograph, a peak area of hydrocarbons present in said sample analyzed; evaluating, in a said degree of transformation ratio of said sample to oil and/or gas and/or said gas to oil generation index.

A method for evaluating a degree of transformation ratio of kerogen to oil and/or gas and/or gas to oil generation index using a pyrolysis gas chromatography is disclosed. The method comprises providing a rock sample in powdered form; determining, by a source rock analysis instrument, total organic carbon in said rock sample, remaining hydrocarbon generation potential in rock sample, and a maturity of rock sample; feeding said sample in a pyrolyzer if said sample satisfies a pre-defined condition; analyzing, said sample in said pyrolyzer, by heating said sample at a pre-specified pyrolysis temperature in pre-specified pyrolysis steps and for pre-specified pyrolysis time; determining, by a gas chromatograph, a peak area of hydrocarbons present in said sample analyzed; evaluating, in a said degree of transformation ratio of said sample to oil and/or gas and/or said gas to oil generation index.

The disclosure relates to microchemical (or microfluidic) apparatus as well as related methods for making the same. The methods generally include partial sintering of sintering powder (e.g., binderless or otherwise free-flowing sintering powder) that encloses a fugitive phase material having a shape corresponding to a desired cavity structure in the formed apparatus. Partial sintering removes the fugitive phase and produces a porous compact, which can then be machined if desired and then further fully sintered to form the final apparatus. The process can produce apparatus with small, controllable cavities shaped as desired for various microchemical or microfluidic unit operations, with a generally smooth interior cavity finish, and with materials (e.g., ceramics) able to withstand harsh environments for such unit operations.

The present invention provides compositions that may act as a aggregation pheromone or a swarming pheromone for mosquitoes, wherein said compositions comprises decanal and optionally one or more of octanal, nonanal, sulcaton, and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, as well as uses thereof for attracting mosquitoes, vector control, mosquito control, male quality assessment, population surveillance and monitoring, and risk assessment in epidemiological monitoring programmes.

The present invention provides compositions that may act as a aggregation pheromone or a swarming pheromone for mosquitoes, wherein said compositions comprises decanal and optionally one or more of octanal, nonanal, sulcaton, and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, as well as uses thereof for attracting mosquitoes, vector control, mosquito control, male quality assessment, population surveillance and monitoring, and risk assessment in epidemiological monitoring programmes.

A controller includes a temperature prediction unit. The temperature prediction unit predicts, on the assumption that a refrigerant is fed from a refrigerant feeder, an internal temperature of a column oven based on time interval information and decrement information in a memory. Thus, the temperature prediction unit can accurately predict the internal temperature of the column oven when the refrigerant is fed from the refrigerant feeder. If the refrigerant is fed from the refrigerant feeder when the predicted internal temperature of the column oven is suitable for the analysis operation, the internal temperature of the column oven can be brought closer to an appropriate temperature. As a result, the internal temperature of the column oven can be controlled with precision.

A controller includes a temperature prediction unit. The temperature prediction unit predicts, on the assumption that a refrigerant is fed from a refrigerant feeder, an internal temperature of a column oven based on time interval information and decrement information in a memory. Thus, the temperature prediction unit can accurately predict the internal temperature of the column oven when the refrigerant is fed from the refrigerant feeder. If the refrigerant is fed from the refrigerant feeder when the predicted internal temperature of the column oven is suitable for the analysis operation, the internal temperature of the column oven can be brought closer to an appropriate temperature. As a result, the internal temperature of the column oven can be controlled with precision.

A gas chromatography instrument comprising a first autoinjector in communication with a first column, a second autoinjector in communication with a second column, a first flame ionization detector in communication with the first column, a second flame ionization detector in communication with the second column, wherein the first column is housed in a first compartment and the second column is housed in a second compartment.

The disclosure relates to microchemical (or microfluidic) apparatus as well as related methods for making the same. The methods generally include partial sintering of sintering powder (e.g., binderless or otherwise free-flowing sintering powder) that encloses a fugitive phase material having a shape corresponding to a desired cavity structure in the formed apparatus. Partial sintering removes the fugitive phase and produces a porous compact, which can then be machined if desired and then further fully sintered to form the final apparatus. The process can produce apparatus with small, controllable cavities shaped as desired for various microchemical or microfluidic unit operations, with a generally smooth interior cavity finish, and with materials (e.g., ceramics) able to withstand harsh environments for such unit operations.