Systems and methods for determining the concentration of a second target gas while in the presence of a first target gas. A method may comprise operating a first sensor (202, 302) under a first operating condition, wherein the first sensor (202, 302) is part of a sensor assembly (200); operating a second sensor (204, 304) under a second operating condition, wherein the second sensor (204, 304) is part of the sensor assembly (200), and wherein the second operating condition is different from the first operating condition; detecting at least one target gas by the first sensor (202, 302); detecting at least one target gas by the second sensor (204, 304); processing a signal output from the first sensor (202, 302) with a signal output from the second sensor (204, 304); and determining a concentration of at least one of the first target gas and second target gas based on the processed output signals.

An apparatus for measuring the steam quality is presented. The apparatus comprises a tube (1) with an open end (5) and a closed end. The open end has a fluid connection with the sterilizer chamber. At the closed end a heat sink (6) with a thermometer (7) is connected of which the temperature can be controlled. In the axial direction along the tube several thermometers (8) are attached to monitor the temperature profile along the tube. Apart from or instead of this, the device may comprise a thermal resistance (11) between the closed end of the tube and the heat sink. At different axial positions on this thermal resistance thermometers (10) may be attached to monitor the cooling power required to keep the heat sink at a predetermined temperature. Both the temperature profile and the cooling power are directly related to the fraction of non-condensable gases present in the sterilizer chamber.

A gas detection unit is accommodated within a housing of a gas sensor and the outside atmosphere of the housing is introduced through the filter to the gas detection unit. The filter comprises an organic polymer gas-permeable filter removing siloxanes and an inorganic filter removing alcohols and passing gases to be detected.

A gas detector comprises a gas detection unit and a filter introducing surrounding atmosphere to the gas detection unit. The filter comprises a gas-permeable organic polymer membrane having an acidic group or a basic group.

Devices, systems, and methods for sampling of gases to determine information regarding leaks are disclosed. Balanced sampling can be achieved by application of an inlet having a gas permeable membrane covering the opening. Extending the opening for a length can provide additional coverage for gas sampling. Connection of gas sampling instruments with analysis systems can determine leak information for use in remedying leaks, for example, from industrial equipment such as pipelines.

A particle detecting module is disclosed and includes a main body, which is consist of an air guiding part and a detecting part, by driving a plurality of heating elements disposed within a plurality of storage chambers of the air guiding part, air inside these storage chambers is heated and the moisture of the air is removed, and then the air is transported to the detecting part, so that a sensor of the detecting part could detect the sizes and the concentrations of the suspended particles, and the interference of the humidity is reduced.

A gas measuring apparatus (100), including: a gas collecting device (102), including two gas entrapping compartments (1021, 1022); a fixing frame (103), which is rotatably connected with the gas collecting device (102); positioning holders (104, 105), each of which is located below a corresponding one of the two gas entrapping compartments (1021, 1022) and is configured to limit the rotation angle of the gas collecting device (102) by colliding with an edge of the corresponding one of the gas entrapping compartments (1021, 1022); a chamber (101), which accommodates the gas collecting device (102), the fixing frame (103), the positioning holders (104, 105) and a liquid medium; and a gas inlet (106), which is located below the gas collecting device (102). The apparatus (100) solves the problem of relatively low accuracy of measurement results.

A gas flow path includes: a filter configured to selectively transmit a gas; a tubular member which is provided downstream of the filter and in which an opening area at a downstream end is smaller than an opening area at an upstream end; and a negative pressure generating device which is provided in a stage subsequent to the tubular member and which is configured to suck the gas that has passed through the tubular member. This provides a gas flow path and a gas detection system which can concentrate a detection-target gas species in a real-time manner.

The invention is notably directed to a gas sensor. The gas sensor basically comprises a hotplate, a support structure, a gas selective filter, and a circuitry. The support structure is configured so as define (or contribute to define) a cavity. It further supports the hotplate. The gas selective filter is held by the support structure. This filter spans the cavity. The filter may notably be designed to filter gas molecules according to their sizes. The circuitry includes one or more integrated circuits. Beside the integrated circuits, various components are connected to the circuitry. Such components include a temperature sensor element, a gas sensing element, and a heater. The temperature sensor element is arranged on or in a part of the support structure. The temperature sensor element is configured to sense a temperature T.sub.f of the filter. The gas sensing element is arranged on or in the hotplate, so as to be sensitive to a target gas in the cavity. The heater is arranged on or in the hotplate, so as to be in thermal communication with the gas sensing element. The circuitry, as a whole, is configured to operate the sensing element, estimate a temperature T.sub.f of the filter, and regulate the heater. The circuitry operates the gas sensing element by supplying power to the heater for the latter to heat the gas sensing element and by processing signals received from the gas sensing element. The circuitry estimates the temperature T.sub.f of the filter based on signals received from the temperature sensor element. Thus, the circuitry can regulate an extent to which power is supplied to the heater based on the estimated temperature T.sub.f of the filter.

Devices, systems, and methods for sampling of gases to determine information regarding leaks are disclosed. Balanced sampling can be achieved by application of an inlet having a gas permeable membrane covering the opening. Extending the opening for a length can provide additional coverage for gas sampling. Connection of gas sampling instruments with analysis systems can determine leak information for use in remedying leaks, for example, from industrial equipment such as pipelines.