Systems, methods, and computer-program products for fluid analysis and monitoring are disclosed. Embodiments include a removable and replaceable sampling system and an analytical system connected to the sampling system. A fluid may be routed through the sampling system and data may be collected from the fluid via the sampling system. The sampling system may process and transmit the data to the analytical system. The analytical system may include a command and control system to receive and store the data in a database and compare the data to existing data for the fluid in the database to identify conditions in the fluid. Fluid conditions may be determined using machine learning models that are generated from well-characterized known training data. Predicted fluid conditions may then be used to automatically implement control processes for an operating machine containing the fluid.

A method for the on-line determination of a basicity index of a liquid body to be characterized by mid-infrared spectroscopy, the method comprising: (a) detecting an intensity of an infrared signal passing through a sample of the liquid body to be characterized; (b) subsequent to step a, calculating a transmittance value of infrared waves through the sample for p wave numbers, wherein p in a natural integer greater than or equal to two; and (c) determining and expressing the basicity index of the liquid body to be characterized in the form of BN=Tr.Math.M.sub.(p1)+R, wherein BN is the basicity index of the liquid body to be characterized, Tr is a set of transmittance values calculated in step b, M.sub.(p1) is a set of data of a model, the set of data containing coefficients determined from measured basicity index values and measured transmittance values of reference liquid bodies, and R is a residue of the model, determined from the measured basicity index values and the measured transmittance values of the reference liquid bodies.

A sensing system for detecting degradation of a machine fluid is disclosed. The sensing system may comprise a tag having electrical contacts. The tag may be configured to transmit a wireless signal when the electrical contacts are in electrical communication. The sensing system may further comprise a dissolvable element separating the electrical contacts and obstructing electrical communication between the electrical contacts. The dissolvable element may be configured to dissolve and allow electrical communication between the electrical contacts when an acid content of the machine fluid reaches a level indicative of the degradation of the machine fluid.

A method comprises correlatingin a system which comprises a non-aqueous phase comprising a hydrocarbon fluid, and an aqueous phasepartitioning levels of a basic contaminant and/or an acid of interest into the aqueous phase with the pH of the aqueous phase. The partitioning levels of the basic contaminant and the acid of interest, as well as the pH of the aqueous phase, are obtained under conditions which are representative of those used in a partitioning process in which a basic contaminant is removed from a hydrocarbon fluid.

The correlations may be used in a method for selecting an acidic environment for use in a partitioning process, for estimating corrosion risk downstream of a partitioning process, or for controlling a partitioning process.

The invention relates to a contamination recording apparatus (12) for recording contaminations in a flowing hydraulic fluid (10) to be examined in aircraft (11a), which comprises a conveying device (14) for conveying the flowing hydraulic fluid (10), a light source (34) for exposing the hydraulic fluid (10) flowing in the conveying device (14) to light (46), and a detection device (36) for recording a fraction of the light (46) absorbed by the exposed hydraulic fluid (10), the light source (34) being formed in order to emit light (46) having a wavelength in the near-infrared range. The invention furthermore relates to a hydraulic system (11) equipped with such a contamination recording apparatus (12) and to an aircraft (11a), and also to a method for recording contaminations in a hydraulic fluid (10) flowing in a hydraulic system (11) of an aircraft (11a).

A fluid property sensing array includes a first sensor including a first electrode assembly and a first sensing layer at least partially coating the first electrode assembly, the first sensor having a first response to a property of the fluid; and a second sensor including a second electrode assembly and a second sensing layer at least partially coating the second electrode assembly, the second sensor having a second response to the property of the fluid. The array can include a third sensor including a third electrode assembly and a third sensing layer at least partially coating the third electrode assembly, the third sensor having a third response to the property of the fluid. The first sensing layer, the second sensing layer, and the third sensing layer can be compositionally different, such that the first response, the second response, and the third response to the property of the fluid are different.

Processes for quantitating the corrosivity of naphthenic acids in a sample comprising crude oil or a liquid fraction thereof by reacting the sample with a metal comprising iron to produce iron naphthenates that are then stabilized by a ligand. The stabilized iron naphthenates are then analyzed by mass spectrometry to accurately quantitate the percentage of total naphthenic acids in the sample that are iron-reactive naphthenic acids associated with metal corrosion.