The present disclosure relates to a method for detecting T helper cell or CTL subpopulations in a subject affected by disease or disorder having an immune component. The methods are also useful for determining efficacy of a treatment of the disease or disorder by detecting skewing of the T helper cells and CTLs in a therapeutic or adverse direction.

The present disclosure provides iPSC-derived microglia comprising a protective CD33 allele. Further provided herein are assays for screening analytes and genes associated with the protective CD33 allele.

Provided herein are methods for administering pharmaceutical compositions comprising bacterial populations and methods for obtaining samples from subjects administered with the pharmaceutical compositions. Further provided are methods for assaying bacteria, compounds, markers, any derivatives thereof, or any combinations thereof. The reagents, kits, systems, or any combinations thereof for carrying out the same are also provided.

The invention relates to biomarkers and a method of diagnosing or monitoring depression, anxiety disorder or other psychotic disorder.

Provided are various embodiments relating to IL13R/IL4R contiguous polypeptides and IL13R/IL4R heterodimeric proteins from companion animal species and that bind to IL13 and/or IL4, including long-acting contiguous polypeptides and heterodimeric proteins. Such heterodimeric proteins can be used in methods to treat IL13 and/or IL4-induced conditions in companion animals, such as canines, felines, and equines.

The present invention includes a composition and a method of modulating an immune response with a composition that comprises an anti-BAFF receptor antibody or binding fragment thereof that is bound or conjugated to an siRNA, and shRNA, or both, that targets a BAFF receptor mRNA.

The present invention discloses the application of mesenchymal stem cells in the prophylaxis or treatment of stress response-induced weakened immunity. More particularly, the present invention provides the use of mesenchymal stem cells in preparing a pharmaceutical composition for the prophylaxis or treatment of stress response-induced lymphopenia; and/or the use thereof in preparing a pharmaceutical composition for the prophylaxis or treatment of stress response-induced weakened immunity; and/or the use thereof in preparing a pharmaceutical composition for the promotion of interleukin 4 (IL-4) expression and/or enhanced or strengthened activity. The present invention has found that mesenchymal stem cells can, by means of regulating IL-4 and down-stream related signaling pathways, protect against hormonal disorder-induced lymphopenia, thus having the function of activating immune response.

The invention provides methods for treating pathological conditions associated with an undesirable inflammatory component. The invention is generally directed to reducing inflammation by administering cells that have one or more of the following effects in an injured subject: interact with splenocytes, preserve splenic mass, increase proliferation of CD4.sup.+ and CD8.sup.+ T-cells, increase IL-4 and IL-10, decrease IL-6 and IL-1, and increase M2:M1 macrophage ratio at the site of injury. The invention is also directed to drug discovery methods to screen for agents that modulate the ability of the cells to have these effects. The invention is also directed to cell banks that can be used to provide cells for administration to a subject, the banks comprising cells having desired potency for achieving these effects.

Compositions and methods are disclosed herein for the treatment of aging frailty with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. The methods of treatment involve the administration of a composition of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells to a subject in need thereof, wherein the effectiveness of the treatment methods can be determined through the measurement of specific biomarkers and improved physical activity.

The invention provides methods for treating pathological conditions associated with an undesirable inflammatory component. The invention is generally directed to reducing inflammation by administering cells that have one or more of the following effects in an injured subject: interact with splenocytes, preserve splenic mass, increase proliferation of CD4.sup.+ and CD8.sup.+ T-cells, increase IL-4 and IL-10, decrease IL-6 and IL-1, and increase M2:M1 macrophage ratio at the site of injury. The invention is also directed to drug discovery methods to screen for agents that modulate the ability of the cells to have these effects. The invention is also directed to cell banks that can be used to provide cells for administration to a subject, the banks comprising cells having desired potency for achieving these effects.