The invention generally provides improved compositions and methods for detecting, diagnosing, prognosing, and monitoring multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a subject. In particular, the invention provides methods for detecting BCMA in subjects to reliably diagnose, predict survival, or monitor multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the subject.

In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method for excluding a subject from the need for diagnostic testing for Parkinson's disease (PD). In another aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method for excluding a subject from recruitment into a clinical study for an investigational PD medication. In yet another aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method for screening a subject to determine whether the subject is ruled out as having PD, wherein the subjects who cannot be ruled out are administered a diagnostic test for PD, a treatment for PD, or a combination thereof.

An agent capable of binding to CLEVER-1 in an individual can be used in activating macrophages to switch their phenotype from M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages. The invention relates to methods for utilizing the macrophages ability to switch their phenotype. In one aspect, the invention relates to a method for estimating of the efficacy of anti-CLEVER-1 therapy by monitoring a modulation of M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages, when an agent capable of binding to CLEVER-1 is administered in a patient, wherein an increased TNF-alpha secretion or HLA-DR expression is indicative of modulation of M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages.

This invention discloses devices and methods for high throughput skin sensitization detection. The devices comprise a microfabricated chamber comprising a region having one or more input channels and an outlet, and a face suitable for mounting a skin tissue and in fluidic communication with the region. The devices can be used in the methods for determining a prognosis of sensitization in an animal subject and identifying compounds that do not cause sensitization and thus are suitable for preparing cosmetic compositions.

The invention relates to cardiovascular disease, and particularly, although not exclusively, to cardiovascular disease biomarkers and their use in methods of diagnosis and prognosis. The invention also extends to diagnostic and prognostic kits utilising the biomarkers of the invention for diagnosing or prognosing cardiovascular disease.

It has been demonstrated that certain compounds bind to TNF and stabilise a conformation of trimeric TNF that binds to the TNF receptor. Antibodies which selectively bind to complexes of such compounds with TNF superfamily members are disclosed. These antibodies may be used to detect further compounds with the same activity, and as target engagement biomarker.

Methods of determining infection type are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises measuring the amount of TRAIL and/or IP10 no more than two days from symptom onset.

The invention generally provides improved compositions and methods for detecting, diagnosing, prognosing, and monitoring multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a subject. In particular, the invention provides methods for detecting BCMA in subjects to reliably diagnose, predict survival, or monitor multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the subject.

A method for predicting risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a pregnant individual includes measuring one or more biochemical markers in a blood sample obtained from the pregnant individual to determine one or more biomarker levels, where the one or more measured biochemical markers includes at least one of PAI-2 and sTNFR1, identifying, for each of the one or more measured biochemical markers, a difference between the measured biomarker level and a corresponding predetermined control level, and, responsive to the identifying, determining a prediction corresponding to a relative risk of the pregnant individual having or developing GDM.

The present invention relates to a method for a method for predicting the development of renal dysfunction in a subject following physical trauma, hypotension, sepsis and/or septic shock syndrome, wherein the method comprises the steps of: a. determining the level of an anti-inflammatory cytokine present in a sample taken from the subject after physical trauma, after a hypotensive event, after sepsis, and/or after septic shock syndrome; b. predicting the development in the subject of renal dysfunction on the basis of the level of an anti-inflammatory cytokine determined in step a).