Globally our environment comprises structures built to perform a meet different requirements including residential, commercial, retail, recreational and service infrastructure. Whilst, millions of tons of construction materials are deployed annually the quality control procedures in many instances have not changed to reflect today's demands. Accordingly, it would be beneficial to provide construction companies, engineering companies, infrastructure owners, regulators, etc. with means to automated testing/characterization of construction materials during at least one of its manufacture, deployment in construction and subsequent infrastructure life. It would be further beneficial for such automated methods to exploit self-contained data acquisition/logging modules allowing them to be employed with ease at the different points in the life cycle of a construction material and/or construction project.

A methodology for measuring the dielectric and magnetic properties of materials is provided. The method comprises a multi-section transmission line (TL) and multi-section fluidic channels. Two of the TL sections are incorporated with channel sections. The length-ratio of the two line-channel sections (LCS) is L:L. A network analyzer coupled to the TL can be configured to measure scattering parameters when the LCS have no material-under-measurement (MUM), one LCS has MUM, both LCSs have MUM. Then, the S-parameters are transformed to ABCD matrices. When L:L is 2:1, the propagation constant of the LCSs can be calculated with analytical formulas over the measured frequency range. When L:L is not 2:1, the propagation constant can be obtained with numerical root-searching algorithms. The properties of MUM can be extracted by use of models which relate the propagation constants with the given geometry and substrate of LCSs as well as the unknown MUM properties.

Non-contact type measuring apparatus able to detect a difference in signal intensity by transmitting a radio frequency (RF) signal having a predetermined frequency through one of two coil antennas and receiving an induced RF current signal transmitted via a medium through the other coil antennas and detect conductivity and a variation in characteristic of a non-conductor by comparing the signal intensity with a signal intensity comparison table for each frequency, which is stored in a controller by measuring a signal intensity for each frequency in advance, on the basis of the signal intensity for each frequency. The non-contact type measuring apparatus can accurately measure not only various elements using a characteristic in which conductivity is varied according to total dissolved solid, temperature, and an amount of a conductive medium and permittivity change characteristic of a non-conductor, but also conductivity and variation in characteristic of the non-conductor.

A specific conductivity measurement method includes: performing first measurement to obtain a resonance frequency f.sub.1 that is outputted to a measuring device when the first and second dielectric flat plates each have a thickness t.sub.1, and an unloaded Q.sub.u1 that corresponds to the resonance frequency f.sub.1; performing second measurement to obtain a resonance frequency f.sub.2 that is outputted to the measuring device when the first and second dielectric flat plates each have a thickness t.sub.2 that is different from the thickness t.sub.1, and an unloaded Q.sub.u2 that corresponds to the resonance frequency f.sub.2; and calculating a specific conductivity .sub.r of the copper foil and the first and second conductor flat plates based on an arithmetic equation that includes the resonance frequency the unloaded Q.sub.u1, the resonance frequency f.sub.2, and the unloaded Q.sub.u2.

The present invention provides a system and method for multi-phase flow decomposition using electrical capacitance imaging techniques. The present invention provides a system and method to obtain permittivity distributions at a plurality of frequency markers using volume tomography image reconstruction to determine volume fraction of each phase and to produce images of the volume fraction for each phase.

The present invention discloses an insulation detection circuit and a detection method thereof for a two-way on-board charger. The detection circuit comprises an inverter circuit, a first Y capacitor connected between an output live line and a ground line of the inverter circuit, a second Y capacitor connected between an output neutral line and the ground line of the inverter circuit, a live line sampling circuit and a neutral line sampling circuit which are connected with the output live line and the output neutral line of the inverter circuit, and a controller. The controller determines an insulation state of the two-way on-board charger according to two sampling voltages.

A system for monitoring dielectric constant of a substrate includes a resonator structure formed on a surface of the substrate. A distal end of a waveguide is coupled to the resonator structure and spaced apart from the resonator structure such that a gap is provided between the distal end of the waveguide and the resonator structure. An excitation energy is coupled to the resonator structure out of the waveguide, and a response energy from the resonator structure is coupled into the waveguide and is detected at a proximal end of the waveguide. A detector detects the response energy received at the proximal end of the waveguide and generates a signal indicative of the detected response energy. A processor is coupled to the detector for receiving the signal indicative of the detected response energy and processing the signal to determine dielectric constant of the substrate.

A change in an imaginary part of a complex dielectric constant of an inspection object containing moisture is detected as a change in an oscillation frequency. A sensor device includes an oscillation unit that is formed in a semiconductor integrated circuit and an oscillation frequency detection unit that detects an oscillation frequency of the oscillation unit. The oscillation unit has capacitors that are connected to an inspection object in series and changes the oscillation frequency in accordance with a complex dielectric constant of the inspection object.

The present disclosure provides a measuring device, a measuring apparatus, and a measuring method for a dielectric constant of a liquid crystal. The measuring device includes: a first substrate and a second substrate disposed to be opposite to each other; a resonant structure layer disposed on a side of the first substrate facing the second substrate. a cavity for receiving the liquid crystal to be measured is defined between the first substrate and the second substrate. The above measuring device is applied to measurement of the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal in the terahertz wave band.

A ground fault detection device comprising a capacitor which serves as a flying capacitor, a switch group which switches between a V0-charging path, a Vcn-charging path, a Vcp-charging path and a charging voltage measurement path for the capacitor, and a controller which controls the switch group and calculates an insulation resistance based on V0, Vcn and Vcp, wherein V0 is a measured value on the V0-charging path, Vcn is a measured value on the Vcn-charging path, and Vcp is a measured value on the Vcp charging path, wherein, if Vcn can be considered as zero, the controller switches to the Vcp-charging path and performs measurement while keeping a charged state of the capacitor, wherein Vcp obtained after discharging the capacitor is subtracted from a measured value obtained from the measurement in order to calculate Vcn.