Estimating an earth response can include deconvolving a multi-dimensional source wavefield from near-continuously recorded seismic data recorded at a receiver position. The deconvolving can include spreading the near-continuously recorded seismic data across a plurality of possible source emission angles. The result of the deconvolution can be the earth response estimate.

A method for attenuating multiple reflections from marine seismic signals includes estimating a multichannel prediction filter by minimizing energy between detected seismic signals and seismic signals representing water layer multiple reflections in combination with forcing a sparsity constraint on the estimated multichannel filter. Near offset seismic signals not present in the detected seismic signals are reconstructed by convolving the detected seismic signals with an inverse of the multichannel prediction filter. The multichannel prediction filter is convolved with the reconstructed near offset seismic signals to obtain a final multiple reflection model. The final multiple reflection model is subtracted from the detected seismic signals to obtain multiple reflection attenuated seismic signals.

Amplitude-versus-angle analysis for quantitative interpretation can include creation of a plurality of angle gathers from imaging a subsurface location with multiples in a near-offset range and imaging primaries outside the near-offset range and application of an amplitude-versus-angle analysis to the plurality of angle gathers to produce a quantitative interpretation pertaining to the subsurface location.

A method and apparatus for imaging seismic data includes obtaining an initial model of a subsurface formation, wherein the model includes a plurality of nodes that form at least part of a grid; an initial dip value for the nodes; and a set of origin coordinates for each of the nodes; performing bottom-up ray tracing for each node in the model, resulting in a set of arrival coordinates for each node; identifying a plurality of gathers from the seismic data; for each gather: calculating a set of midpoint coordinates; defining a midpoint vicinity surrounding the set of midpoint coordinates; identifying the nodes having arrival coordinates within the midpoint vicinity; and estimating a unique aperture for each of the gathers based on the respective origin coordinates; storing the estimated apertures in a table; and generating a subsurface volume or image with subsurface reflectors determined with apertures of the respective gathers.

Apparatus, computer instructions and method for separating up-going and down-going wave fields (U, D) from seismic data recorded within or beneath a body of water, or in general below the surface of the earth. The method includes a step of receiving seismic data (P.sub.o, Z.sub.o) recorded in the time-space domain with seismic recorders distributed on a first datum, wherein the first datum is non-flat; a step of establishing a mathematical relation between transformed seismic data (P, Z) and the up-going and down-going wave fields (U, D) on a second planar datum; and a step of solving with an inversion procedure, run on a processor, the mathematical relation to obtain the up-going and down-going wave fields (U, D) for the second datum. The second datum is different from the first datum.

Techniques for a machine learning-based two-step impedance inversion method using seismic data are disclosed. In some embodiments of the disclosed technology, an impedance inversion method includes generating a domain adaptation model configured to predict, based on source data associated with a source area that includes a well, a P-impedance value of a target area that does not include a well, and generating, using the P-impedance value generated by the domain adaptation model, a P-impedance low frequency model configured to predict a final P-impedance value of the target area by performing an inversion. In this way, it is possible to accurately predict P-impedance value of an area where a well does not exist.

A method for processing broadband single-sensor single-source land seismic data includes receiving seismic traces, the seismic traces generated using at least one source and at least one receiver; converting the seismic traces from particle motion measured by the at least one receiver to particle motion represented by the at least one source by applying a deterministic differential filtering operation; applying a deterministic inverse-Q filtering operation on the converted seismic traces; processing the inverse-Q filtered seismic traces using a set of surface-consistent filter and attribute corrections; and generating a seismic image based on the processed seismic traces.

Estimating an earth response can include deconvolving a multi-dimensional source wavefield from near-continuously recorded seismic data recorded at a receiver position. The deconvolving can include spreading the near-continuously recorded seismic data across a plurality of possible source emission angles. The result of the deconvolution can be the earth response estimate.

A method is described for image-domain full waveform inversion. The method may include receiving, at a computer processor, a seismic dataset representative of the subsurface volume of interest and an initial earth model; performing, via the computer processor, an image domain full waveform inversion to generate an updated earth model; and performing, via the computer processor, seismic imaging of the seismic dataset using the updated earth model to generate a seismic image. The method may be executed by a computer system.

A system and method for multicomponent noise attenuation of a seismic wavefield is provided. Embodiments may include receiving, at one or more computing devices, seismic data associated with a seismic wavefield over at least one channel of a plurality of channels from one or more seismic sensor stations. Embodiments may further include identifying a noise component on the at least one channel of the plurality of channels and attenuating the noise component on the at least one channel of the plurality of channels based upon, at least in part, the seismic data received from the one or more seismic sensor stations.