A light-emitting device includes a light diffusing member that diffuses light emitted from a light source so that an object to be measured is irradiated with the light; and a holding unit that is provided on plural wires connected to the light source and holds the light diffusing member.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a transparent article in which sparkling on an anti-glare surface or other roughened relief surface is suppressed. The transparent article is provided with a transparent substrate, and a roughened relief surface provided to at least one surface of the transparent substrate. The relief surface has a surface roughness Sq of 50 nm or less measured in a spatial period of 20 μm or greater in the transverse direction.

To suppress, in an optical body in which a microlens array as a non-periodic structure is arranged and deployed in a wide range, occurrence of periodic optical properties in a structural unit larger than the non-periodic structure. The optical body includes a single non-periodic structure region or a collection of a plurality of non-periodic structure regions, the non-periodic structure region being composed of a single lens group including a plurality of single lenses. In the non-periodic structure region, a located state of the single lens group is non-periodic as a whole. A ratio of a size of the non-periodic structure region to an average aperture diameter of the single lenses in the non-periodic structure region is more than or equal to 25.

A head-up display has a display element, a projection system, a diffusing plate, and a mirror element. In such head-up displays, frequently irritations due to stray light occur. A head-up display that produces less irritation from incident stray light is therefore desirable. The diffusing plate has focusing elements on its side facing the projection system and a light-blocking mask on its side facing away from the projection system.

There is provided a transparent screen which is capable of separating a direction where a hot spot is observed and a direction where a bright video is allowed to be observed, and establishing a direction where a video is allowed to be wholly brightly observed. A transparent screen includes a first transparent layer, a reflective layer reflecting projected video light, a second transparent layer disposed opposite to the first transparent layer with respect to the reflective layer so as to make a background visible therethrough; wherein the reflective layer has a plurality of slant reflective surfaces, each of the slant reflective surfaces being slant to a reference surface that is a surface of the first transparent layer opposite to the reflective layer; wherein each of the slant reflective surfaces is provided with a concavo-convex and is formed in a stripe shape when seen from a normal direction of the reference surface; and wherein the slant reflective surfaces are disposed so as to have angles to the reference surface, the angle changing with random variations in of range with respect to a certain central angle.

An illumination optical system includes a plurality of light sources arranged in an annular shape, and a prism plate that is formed in an annular shape about an optical axis of illumination light from the light sources. The prism plate includes a prism surface, upon which the illumination light falls incident and on which prism a plurality of prisms arranged in an annular shape along a circumferential direction of the prism plate, are formed, a flat section upon which the illumination light falls incident and which is formed in an annular shape along the circumferential direction of the prism plate, and an emission plane that emits the illumination light. The prism surface is formed on an outer peripheral side outward from a radius of the prism plate that is centered on the optical axis, and the flat section is formed on an inner peripheral side inward from the radius.

A laser apparatus according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a laser oscillator that outputs pulsed laser light, a deformable mirror including a deformer that deforms a reflective surface, a first processor that drives the deformer during the period for which the reflective surface reflects the pulsed laser light, a homogenizer that homogenizes the pulsed laser light reflected off the deformable mirror, and a spectrum measuring instrument that measures the spectrum of the pulsed laser light homogenized by the homogenizer.

An optical body including: a first optical layer which has a surface having a convex profile in which a plurality of one-directionally extending elongated convex portions are one-dimensionally aligned in one direction; an inorganic layer disposed on the surface of the first optical layer on a side having the convex profile and a second optical layer disposed on a side of the inorganic layer so that the convex profile is embedded; wherein the convex profile meets at least one of the following (1) to (4): (1) a height varies in an extending direction in each of the elongated convex portions, (2) a ridge portion meanders in a direction perpendicular to both the extending direction and a height direction of the convex portion in each of the elongated convex portions, (3) heights of the elongated convex portions adjacent to each other are different from each other, and (4) a triangular prism-shaped convex portion and an elongated convex portion having a curved surface are adjacent to each other.

An electronic device may have a housing. A pixel array may be mounted in the housing to display an image. The pixel array may have a central portion surrounded by a peripheral portion. Display cover layer structures may overlap the pixel array. A central portion of the display cover layer structures may overlap the central portion of the pixel array. A peripheral portion of the display cover layer structures may overlap the peripheral portion of the pixel array. A border structure of image transport material may be interposed between the peripheral portion of the pixel array and the peripheral portion of the display cover structures. The image transport material may be omitted from the central portion of the pixel array. The image transport material may be formed from a coherent fiber bundle or Anderson localization material.

There is provided a method to manufacture a diffuser plate with better productivity and exhibiting an excellent diffusion property and having excellent durability with respect to light having large coherence, the microlens array diffuser plate including: a microlens group positioned on a surface of a transparent substrate. The diffuser plate includes two or more unit cells that are continuously set in array, the unit cell includes a plurality of microlenses positioned on the surface of the transparent substrate, and ridge lines between the microlenses adjacent to each other are nonparallel to each other, and are nonparallel to the transparent substrate.