An optical member includes a base material and a film on the base material, the film includes hollow particles that have prickle-like protrusions on their surface, the heights of the protrusions are 3 nm or more and 20 nm or less, the proportion of the prickle-like protrusions is 3% or more and 30% or less of the particle surface, and the film includes 50 percent by volume or more and 68 percent by volume or less of hollow particles. Consequently, an antireflection film having a low refractive index and a low level of scattering in combination is provided.

The invention relates to a light diffuser (1) comprising a light diffusing element (10), wherein the light diffusing element (10) comprises a flexible translucent material, the light diffuser (1) comprising a first plate (11) and a second plate (13), said first (11) and second (13) plates being rigid and translucent, the light diffusing element (10) being arranged between said first (11) and second (13) plates in such a way that one first face of the light diffusing element (10) is coupled with the first plate (11), and one second face of the light diffusing element (10) is coupled with the second plate (13), at least one of said first or second face comprising a plurality of cavities or excrescences. Such a light diffuser is easily adaptable and can for example be mounted in a luminaire.

A method of manufacturing a light scattering film, the method includes providing a light transmissive base having a film shape. A plurality of holes is defined in the light transmissive base, using a perforating device. Each of the plurality of holes has a diameter ranging from about 100 nm to about 5 μm. A spacing between each of the plurality of holes is about twice to about five times as large as an average diameter of each of the plurality of holes.

A light scattering film includes a light transmissive base having a plurality of holes, wherein each of the plurality of holes has a diameter ranging from about 100 nm to about 5 μm, and wherein a gap among adjacent ones of the plurality of holes is about two times to about five times of an average of the diameters of the plurality of holes.

A composite silica glass made light diffusion member includes a dense silica glass, and a porous silica glass which has been layered on the surface of the dense silica glass. The porous silica glass is a porous body and has a homogeneous pore distribution. The porous body has a framework including a plurality of spherical silica glasses, contains a communicating pore part formed by spaces among them, and has a central pore size of 10 to 20 μm and a porosity of 25 to 40%. The spherical silica glasses have an average diameter of 30 to 100 μm. An average value of a specific arithmetic average roughness Ra in each of the spherical silica glass exposed on an outer surface of the porous silica glass is 0.8 to 4.0 nm.

The present invention relates to a lighting device for vehicles including at least one diffuser body suitable for receiving light emitted by a light source so as to diffuse the light externally to the body. The diffuser body includes a solid matrix of transparent polymer material which incorporates a plurality of bubbles or cavities, wherein the solid matrix performs the transmission of light within the body by subsequent reflections and wherein the bubbles perform the diffusion of light and the extraction thereof outside the body by subsequent refractions.

A diffusion member includes a first layer and a second layer, in this order, wherein the first layer has a light transmissivity and a light diffusivity, in the second layer, a reflectance of light increases as an absolute value of an incident angle with respect to a first layer side surface of the second layer decreases, and a transmittance of light increases as an absolute value of an incident angle with respect to a first layer side surface of the second layer increases.

A wavelength conversion element includes a substrate, a wavelength conversion layer and an anti-reflective layer. The wavelength conversion layer is disposed on the substrate. The anti-reflective layer is disposed on the wavelength conversion layer. The anti-reflective layer includes a first adhesive layer having a plurality of pores. A thickness of the anti-reflective layer is 500 nm to 3000 nm, a pore diameter of each of the plurality of pores is 100 nm to 2500 nm, and the thickness of the anti-reflective layer is greater than the pore diameter of the plurality of pores. A manufacturing method of the aforementioned wavelength conversion element is also provided, through which the wavelength conversion element has the anti-reflective effect.

Provided is a privacy protection film. The privacy protection film includes a transparent base substrate, a light control layer disposed on the transparent base substrate and including a plurality of optical pattern structures each having an upwardly protruding prism shape, a first electrode disposed on the light control layer, a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode, and a variable light diffusion layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and formed of a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC).

Light-permeable multilayer composite film made of plastic as the surface coating of an article, wherein the composite film comprises at least one outer, at least partially light-permeable top layer optionally provided with a lacquer and at least one further layer arranged on the back of the top layer, wherein arranged on the back side of the top layer is at least one sheetlike, optically active textile layer, preferably a textile layer comprising threads made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and/or made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), wherein the textile layer has light-transmitting, light-refracting and light-reflecting properties or a combination thereof and the transmission, refraction and reflection properties are such that illumination of the textile layer, in particular back side illumination of the textile layer, results in preferably uniformized light transmission through the top layer.