The laminated glass of the present invention is a laminated glass comprising an infrared reflective layer, wherein an average reflectance R(A) at a wavelength of 900 to 1300 nm at an incident angle of 60° on one face is 20% or less. According to the present invention, even when an infrared reflective layer is provided in the laminated glass, infrared radiation incident on one face is prevented from being reflected on the infrared reflective layer, and monitoring accuracy in the infrared monitoring system is improved.

Provided are a cholesteric liquid crystal layer having an excellent reflection anisotropy, a low haze, and a high circular polarization degree of reflected light, and a method for producing the same. In addition, provided are a laminate, an optically anisotropic body, and a reflective film, each of which including the cholesteric liquid crystal layer. A cholesteric liquid crystal layer formed using a liquid crystal compound, in which, in at least one main plane out of a pair of main planes of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer, a direction of a molecular axis of the liquid crystal compound changes while continually rotating along at least one in-plane direction, the molecular axis of the liquid crystal compound is tilted with respect to the main plane of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer, and an arrangement direction of bright portions and dark portions derived from the cholesteric liquid crystalline phase, as observed under a scanning electron microscope in a cross section perpendicular to the main plane, is tilted with respect to the main plane of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer.

Techniques disclosed herein relate to modifying refractive index modulation in a holographic optical element, such as a holographic grating. According to certain embodiments, a holographic optical element or apodized grating includes a polymer layer comprising a first region characterized by a first refractive index and a second region characterized by a second refractive index. The holographic optical element or apodized grating includes a plurality of nanoparticles dispersed in the polymer layer. The nanoparticles have a higher concentration in either the first region or the second region. In some embodiments, the nanoparticles may be configured to increase the refractive index modulation. In some embodiments, the nanoparticles may be configured to apodize the grating by decreasing the refractive index modulation proximate to sides of the grating. The refractive index may be modulated by applying a monomer reservoir buffer layer to the polymer layer, either before or after hologram fabrication.

Reflective stacks including heat spreading layers are described. In particular, reflective stacks including polymeric multilayer reflectors. Heat spreading layers may include natural or synthetic graphite or copper.

A partial reflector including a plurality of optical repeat units where each optical repeat unit includes first and second polymer layers is described. A refractive index difference between the first and second polymer layers along a first axis may be Any, a refractive index difference between the first and second polymer layers along an orthogonal second axis may be Δƒχ, where |Δηχ| is at least 0.1 and |Δny| is no more than 0.04. The optical repeat units may have a smallest optical thickness T1 proximate a first side of the optical stack and a largest optical thickness T2 proximate an opposite second side of the optical stack, where (T2−T1)/(T2+T1) is in a range of 0.05 to 0.2, and T2 is at least 350 nm and no more 1250 nm. The partial reflector may be used in a circular polarizer for correcting color shift with view angle in a display.

Reflective stacks including heat spreading layers are described. In particular, reflective stacks including polymeric multilayer reflectors. Heat spreading layers may include natural or synthetic graphite or copper.

Polymer-infiltrated nanoparticle films (PINFs) that have high volume fractions (>50 vol %) of nanoparticles (NPs) possess enhanced properties making them ideal for various applications. Capillary rise infiltration (CaRI) of polymer and solvent-driven infiltration of polymer (SIP) into pre-assembled NP films have emerged as versatile approaches to fabricate PINFs. Although these methods are ideal for fabricating PINFs with homogenous structure, several applications including separations and photonic/optical coatings would benefit from a method that enables scalable manufacturing of heterostructured (i.e., films with variation in structural properties such as porosity, composition, refractive indices etc.) PINFs. In this work, a new technique is developed for fabricating heterostructured PINFs with cavities based on CaRI. A bilayer composed of densely packed inorganic NP layer atop polymer NP layer is thermally annealed above the glass transition temperature of the polymer NP, which induces CaRI of the polymer into the interstices of the inorganic NP layer. Exploiting the difference in the sizes of the two particles, heterostructured double stack PINFs composed of a PINF and a layer with large cavities are produced at a moderate temperature (<200° C.). Using these heterostructured PINFs, Bragg reflectors that can detect the presence of wetting agents in water are fabricated.

An object of the present invention is to provide an optical material having a visual confirmation effect due to higher directivity of light reflection than a conventional optical material. The present invention provides a laminate having a multilayer laminated film in which 11 or more layers of a plurality of different thermoplastic resins are alternately laminated, wherein, with respect to light in a wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm and that is perpendicularly incident on an outer surface of the multilayer laminated film, the laminate has an average transmittance in the above wavelength range of 50% or more, and when average reflectances in a wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm with respect to S-wave light in the wavelength range, incident at angles of 20° and 70° with respect to the normal line of the outer surface of the film at azimuths ϕ.sub.n (n: 1 to 5), are given as Rs20(ϕ.sub.n) and Rs70(ϕ.sub.n), respectively, the laminate satisfies, at at least one azimuth ϕ.sub.n:

Rs70(ϕ.sub.n)−Rs20(ϕ.sub.n)≥50(%).

Disclosed herein is a flat lighting apparatus having excellent flexibility and formability to be molded in various shapes as well as excellent optical properties such as brightness. The flat lighting apparatus according to present invention comprises a light guide plate for dispersing light and a reflector formed on a lower portion of the light guide plate to reflect light dispersed by the light guide plate. The reflector has a multi-layered structure including a first layer and a second layer.

The invention provides a multilayer laminated film with alternately laminated birefringent and isotropic layers. The birefringent layers have a first monotonically increasing region of optical thickness and contain monotonically increasing region 1A of maximum optical thickness of 100 nm or less, and monotonically increasing region 1B of minimum optical thickness of more than 100 nm, and ratio 1B/1A of slope 1B of monotonically increasing region 1B to slope 1A of monotonically increasing region 1A is more than 0 and less than 0.8. The isotropic layers have a second monotonically increasing region of optical thickness and contain monotonically increasing region 2A of maximum optical thickness of 200 nm or less and monotonically increasing region 2B of minimum optical thickness of more than 200 nm, and ratio 2B/2A of slope 2B of monotonically increasing region 2B to slope 2A of monotonically increasing region 2A is more than 1.5 and 10 or less.