An optically effective element includes a carrier, a first optically effective structure arranged on a top side of the carrier, and a cover arranged above the first optically effective structure. A method of producing an optically effective element includes providing a carrier, forming a first optically effective structure on a top side of the carrier, and arranging a cover above the top side of the carrier and the first optically effective structure.

An eyepiece and waveguide for viewing a projected image in a virtual reality and augmented reality imaging and visualization system. The waveguide may include a substrate for guiding light. The waveguide may also include an incoupling diffractive element disposed within or on the substrate and configured to diffract an incoupled light related to the projected image into the substrate. The waveguide may further include a first grating disposed within or on the substrate and configured to manipulate the diffracted incoupled light from the incoupling diffractive element so as to multiply the projected image and to direct the multiplied projected image to a second grating. The second grating may be disposed within or on the substrate and may be configured to outcouple the manipulated diffracted incoupled light from the waveguide. The first grating and the second grating may occupy a same region of the waveguide.

An optical element including a first pattern is provided. The first pattern includes a film and a plurality of light deflection regions arranged on the film, wherein each light deflection region comprises a diffraction structure having two or more than two amplitudes.

The cost and power consumption of an imaging apparatus are reduced by facilitating detection of an incident angle of a light beam transmitted through a grating substrate. An image sensor converts an optical image captured by pixels arranged on an imaging surface and outputs the converted image signal. A modulator is configured to modulate intensity of light; and an image processing circuit performs image processing of the output image signal. The modulator has a grating substrate, a grating pattern formed on a back surface side of the grating substrate arranged in proximity to the light receiving surface of the image sensor; and a grating pattern formed on a front surface facing the back surface. Each of the grating patterns is constituted of a plurality of concentric circles. The modulator performs intensity modulation on the light transmitted through the grating pattern and outputs the modulated light to the image sensor.

The invention relates to a selective diffractive grating and applications thereof. The grating comprised in a periodic alternating pattern first material having a first dispersion curve (n.sub.1), and second material having a second dispersion curve (n.sub.2) different from the first dispersion curve (n.sub.1). According to the invention, the first and second dispersion curves (ni, n 2) intersect each other at two or more different wavelengths (.sub.1 .sub.2).

A display system comprises a waveguide having light incoupling or light outcoupling optical elements formed of a metasurface. The metasurface is a multilevel (e.g., bi-level) structure having a first level defined by spaced apart protrusions formed of a first optically transmissive material and a second optically transmissive material between the protrusions. The metasurface also includes a second level formed by the second optically transmissive material. The protrusions on the first level may be patterned by nanoimprinting the first optically transmissive material, and the second optically transmissive material may be deposited over and between the patterned protrusions. The widths of the protrusions and the spacing between the protrusions may be selected to diffract light, and a pitch of the protrusions may be 10-600 nm.

A diffraction optical element includes a first diffraction grating having a first grating surface and a first grating wall surface, a second diffraction grating having a second grating surface and a second grating wall surface, and a thin film configured to contact the first grating wall surface and the second grating wall surface. The predetermined conditions are satisfied.

An optical diffraction component is configured to suppress at least one target wavelength by destructive interference. The optical diffraction component includes at least three diffraction structure levels that are assignable to at least two diffraction structure groups. A first of the diffraction structure groups is configured to suppress a first target wavelength .sub.1. A second of the diffraction structure groups is configured to suppress a second target wavelength .sub.2, where (.sub.1.sub.2).sup.2/(.sub.1+.sub.2).sup.2<20%. A topography of the diffraction structure levels can be described as a superimposition of two binary diffraction structure groups. Boundary regions between adjacent surface sections of each of the binary diffraction structure groups have a linear course and are superimposed on one another at most along sections of the linear course.

An optical film includes a first diffraction layer, a second diffraction layer, and a cover layer. The first diffraction layer includes a plurality of first diffraction gratings arranged in a direction on a surface thereof. The second diffraction layer is filled in the gap of the first diffraction gratings of the first diffraction layer and forms a plurality of second diffraction gratings arranged in a direction on the first diffraction layer, wherein the directions of the first diffraction gratings and the second diffraction gratings are parallel to each other. The cover layer fills and planarizes the second diffraction gratings of the second diffraction layer. The optical film can reduce the light leakage defect of a conventional liquid crystal display in a wide viewing angle and make the liquid crystal display have a uniform dark-state image and color image quality.

An optical element including a first pattern is provided. The first pattern includes a film and a plurality of light deflection regions arranged on the film, wherein each light deflection region comprises a diffraction structure having two or more than two amplitudes.