A polarization insensitive optical phased array is provided, for LIDAR or other purposes. A polarization rotator splitter or two-dimensional grating coupler provides two components of co-polarized (e.g. TE-polarized) light. Each component can be routed to a separate optical phased array (OPA) component, and light output of one of the OPA components is rotated in polarization by use of a half wave plate. A polarization controller can receive and control the two components of co-polarized light and then passes the controlled light to the two OPA components. A single OPA component can also be used along with a controller which combines the two components of co-polarized light into a single output, passed to the single OPA component.

A wavefront sensor includes a splitting element configured to split an incident light beam into a plurality of light beams, an image sensor configured to receive the plurality of light beams, and a processing unit configured to calculate a wavefront of the incident light beam based on an intensity distribution of the plurality of light beams received by the image sensor. The splitting element is either in direct contact with the image sensor or in contact with the image sensor via a plate glass. In the calculation of the wavefront, the processing unit corrects a relative positional deviation between the splitting element and the image sensor by calculating a rotation about a rotation axis.

An imaging device has an optical grating with a repealing pattern of similar subgratings, each of which produces a similar interference pattern responsive to an image scene. An underlying pixel array samples the similar images to obtain a collection of similar, low-resolution patterns. A processor sums these patterns, on a per-pixel basis, to produce a low-noise, low-resolution digest of the imaged scene. The digest simplifies some aspects of image processing and has application where active illumination power is a chief concern, either for power constraints or when excessive illumination would be undesirable or unsafe.

Embodiments described herein relate to display devices, e.g., virtual and augmented reality displays and applications. In one embodiment, a planar substrate has stepwise features formed thereon and emitter structures formed on each of the features. An encapsulating layer is disposed on the substrate and a plurality of uniform dielectric nanostructures are formed on the encapsulating layer. Virtual images generated by the apparatus disclosed herein provide for improved image clarity by reducing chromatic aberrations at an image plane.

Disclosed herein are methods and systems for treatment, such as skin rejuvenation treatment, use non-uniform laser radiation. A high-intensity portion of the laser radiation causes collagen destruction and shrinkage within select portions of the treatment area, while a lower-intensity portion of the radiation causes fibroblast stimulation leading to collagen production across other portions of the treatment area. An output beam from a laser source, such as an Nd:YAG laser, is coupled into an optical system that modifies the beam to provide a large-diameter beam having a nonuniform energy profile, comprised of a plurality of high-intensity zones surrounded by lower-intensity zones within the treatment beam. The higher-intensity zones heat select portions of the target tissue to temperatures sufficient for a first treatment (e.g. collagen shrinkage), while the lower-intensity zones provide sufficient energy for a second treatment (e.g. stimulated collagen production).

An image sensor may include an array of imaging pixels. Each imaging pixel may have a photosensitive area that is covered by a microlens and a diffractive lens that focuses light onto the photosensitive area. The diffractive lens may be interposed between the microlens and the photosensitive area. The diffractive lens may have a higher index of refraction than the surrounding materials. The diffractive lens may be formed as a portion of an anti-reflection coating. In some cases, multiple diffractive lenses may be formed over the imaging pixels. Focusing and defocusing diffractive lenses may be used to tune the response of the imaging pixels to incident light.

An image sensor may include an array of imaging pixels. Each imaging pixel may have a photosensitive area that is covered by a respective diffractive lens to focus light onto the photosensitive area. The diffractive lenses may have a higher index of refraction than the surrounding materials. The diffractive lenses may be formed on an upper or lower surface of a planarization layer or may be embedded within the planarization layer. In some cases, multiple diffractive lenses may be formed over the imaging pixels. Some of the multiple diffractive lenses may have refractive indexes lower than the planarization layer such that the diffractive lenses defocus light. Focusing and defocusing diffractive lenses may be used to tune the response of the imaging pixels to incident light.

An illumination system including at least one light source such as an electroluminescent element, e.g. a light emitting diode (LED), and at least one optical element whose surface is structured by diffraction and/or refraction type optical microstructures. In order to shape the beam, the optical element includes at least two sections whose optical microstructures and therefore optical properties are different from one another. The pattern of the microstructures in each of the at least two sections is, at least over a predetermined angular range, rotationally symmetric with respect to the optical axis or another symmetry axis.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a polarizer, a display panel, a display apparatus, and a wearable device. The polarizer includes a polarizing layer and a lens layer arranged in stack, wherein the lens layer includes at least one converging lens.

Embodiments described herein relate to display devices, e.g., virtual and augmented reality displays and applications. In one embodiment, a planar substrate has stepwise features formed thereon and emitter structures formed on each of the features. An encapsulating layer is disposed on the substrate and a plurality of uniform dielectric nanostructures are formed on the encapsulating layer. Virtual images generated by the apparatus disclosed herein provide for improved image clarity by reducing chromatic aberrations at an image plane.