Disclosed herein is a method for increasing signal-to-noise (SNR) in optical imaging of defects on unpatterned wafers. The method includes: (i) irradiating a region of an unpatterned wafer with a substantially polarized, incident light beam, and (ii) employing relay optics to collect and guide, radiation scattered off the region, onto a segmented polarizer comprising at least four polarizer segments characterized by respective dimensions and polarization directions. The respective dimensions and polarization direction of each of the at least four polarizer segments are such that an overall power of background noise radiation, generated in the scattering of the incident light beam from the region and passed through all of the at least four polarizer segments, is decreased as compared to utilizing a linear polarizer.

A backlight includes an extended light source adapted to emit light. A reflective polarizer is disposed on the extended light source, such that for substantially normally incident light and for at least a first wavelength in a range from about 420 nanometer (nm) to about 650 nm, the reflective polarizer reflects at least 60% of the incident light having a first polarization state and transmits at least 60% of the incident light having an orthogonal second polarization state. A first prismatic film is disposed between the extended light source and the reflective polarizer. A retarder layer is disposed between the reflective polarizer and the first prismatic film, such that for substantially normally incident light at a wavelength of about 550 nm, the retarder layer has a retardance nW, where n is an integer ≥1 and W is a wavelength between about 160 nm and about 300 nm.

Provided are: a light guide element in which deterioration in image sharpness can be prevented and the entire area of a display image can be suitably observed irrespective of the visual line of a user, the position of eyes of the user, and the like; and an image display apparatus including the light guide element. The light guide element includes: a light guide plate that includes a first light guide layer and a second light guide layer; and an incidence diffraction element and an emission diffraction element that are laminated on the second light guide layer, in which in a case where a refractive index of the first light guide layer is represented by n1 and a refractive index of the second light guide layer is represented by n2 in the light guide plate, n1<n2 is satisfied.

Provided are: a method of manufacturing an optical element that can display a clear image having no blurriness in AR glasses or the like; and an optical element that is manufactured using this manufacturing method. The manufacturing method include: a step of forming a photo-alignment film, performing interference exposure to form an alignment pattern, and applying a liquid crystal composition to the photo-alignment film to form a first liquid crystal layer; a liquid crystal layer lamination step of forming a photo-alignment film, performing interference exposure to form an alignment pattern, applying a liquid crystal composition to the photo-alignment film to form a liquid crystal layer for lamination, peeling off the liquid crystal layer for lamination from the photo-alignment film, and laminating the peeled liquid crystal layer for lamination on the first liquid crystal layer or the liquid crystal layer for lamination, the liquid crystal layer lamination step being optionally performed once or more; a step of peeling off the first liquid crystal layer from the photo-alignment film; a step of forming an adhesive layer having a surface roughness Ra of 15 nm or less on the light guide plate and/or the first liquid crystal layer; and a step of bonding the light guide plate and the first liquid crystal layer using the adhesive layer.

Systems and methods for providing a display for an electronic device that includes a liquid crystal display panel assembly, a backlight assembly that includes a light source, and a spatially varying polarizer that provides phase retardation that varies as a function of propagation length away from the light source. The display may also include a linear polarizer and other optical components that improve the efficiency of the backlight assembly, thereby reducing power consumption, cost, space requirements, and provide other advantages.

The invention provides a light-emitting composite film layer, a backlight module, and a display device. The light-emitting composite film layer includes a quantum dot film layer and a diffusion film layer. The diffusion film layer is disposed on at least one surface of the quantum dot film layer. Quantum dots and light diffusion particles are dispersed in the quantum dot film layer. The quantum dots include green light and red light quantum dots, and light diffusion particles are dispersed in the diffusion film layer. The invention makes blue light divergent, makes the blue light reach same brightness viewing angles as red light and green light, and reduces or even eliminates color cast.

A display system based on a four-dimensional light field, and a display method therefor. The display system includes: a light source module (11), a display panel (12), and a light conduction component (13), wherein the light source module (11) includes a plurality of light sources arranged in an array; and the display panel (12) is a reflective liquid crystal display panel, and the display panel (12) includes a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array. Light emitted by the light sources in the light source module (11) irradiates the pixel units in the display panel (12); and the pixel units in the display panel (12) transmit the received light to a target position by means of the light conduction component (13).

A display apparatus includes a backlight component, a light adjusting component, a display panel, and a first polarizing film. The backlight component is configured to generate polarized light. The light adjusting component is disposed on one side of the backlight component, and is configured to deflect or not deflect polarized light generated by the backlight component. The first polarizing film is disposed between the light adjusting component and the display panel. In the display apparatus) provided in this application, when the polarized light obtained after passing through the light adjusting component passes through the first polarizing film, if a vibration direction of the polarized light is consistent with a transmission direction of the first polarizing film, the polarized light can be transmitted. If the vibration direction of the polarized light is perpendicular to the transmission direction of the first polarizing film, the polarized light cannot be transmitted.

An augmented reality (AR) device is provided. The AR device includes a display configured to output light of a first polarization; a polarization-conversion reflector provided opposite to an output side of the display, the polarization-conversion reflector converting the light of the first polarization into light of a second polarization that is orthogonal to the first polarization and reflect the light of the second polarization; a waveguide having a flat plate shape, a normal line of a flat surface of the flat plate shape being inclined with respect to an optical axis of the light of the first polarization output from the display, a side of the waveguide being provided between the display and the polarization-conversion reflector; an input-coupler inputting the light of the second polarization into the waveguide; and an output-coupler outputting light propagating in the waveguide.

A display device includes a waveguide, an array of tunable retarders in contact with the waveguide, and a polarization selective optical element. A respective tunable retarder of the array of tunable retarders receives light from the waveguide. The respective tunable retarder has a first state, which causes the respective tunable retarder to direct light having a first polarization in a first direction and a second state, which causes the respective tunable retarder to direct light having a second polarization that is distinct from the second polarization in the first direction. The polarization selective optical element is located adjacent to the array of tunable retarders so that the light having the second polarization propagates from the polarization selective optical element in a second direction and the light having the second polarization propagates from the polarization selective optical element in a third direction distinct from the second direction.