An interface for optical communication, including an input waveguide in which light input from an outside is guided, an output waveguide including a first part abutting against one end of the input waveguide and a second part connected to the first part and a substrate including a Buried oxide (BOX) layer connected to a lower side of the output waveguide, wherein the one end of the input waveguide includes a tapered structure of which a cross-sectional area is reduced by a predetermined angle.

Structures including an edge coupler and methods of fabricating a structure including an edge coupler. The edge coupler includes a waveguide core having an end surface and a tapered section that terminates at the end surface. The tapered section of the waveguide core includes a slab layer and a ridge layer on the slab layer. The slab layer and the ridge layer each terminate at the end surface. The slab layer has a first width dimension with a first width at a given location along a longitudinal axis of the waveguide core, the ridge layer has a second width dimension with a second width at the given location along the longitudinal axis of the waveguide core, and the first width is greater than the second width.

A head up display arrangement for a motor vehicle includes a body that is at least partially transparent and that has a plurality of outer surfaces. An image source emits an illuminated image into a transparent portion of the body such that the illuminated image is internally reflected off the outer surfaces a plurality of times within the transparent portion of the body before leaving the body and then being reflected off of a windshield of the vehicle such that the illuminated image is visible to a driver of the vehicle.

A photodetector according to an embodiment includes: a semiconductor substrate including a first region and a second region adjacent to the first region; at least one light detection cell including a first semiconductor layer disposed in the first region, a second semiconductor layer disposed between the first semiconductor layer and the semiconductor substrate and including a junction portion with the first semiconductor layer, a third semiconductor layer disposed in the semiconductor substrate separately from the second semiconductor layer, a first electrode on the semiconductor substrate and applying a voltage to the first semiconductor layer, and a second electrode on the semiconductor substrate and applying a voltage to the third semiconductor layer; and a light guide disposed in the second region and guiding incident light to be propagated in a first direction to the junction portion between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer.

The invention relates to a device for coupling a flared laser source (10) and an output waveguide (3), comprising a coupler (20), a combiner (40), and a network of intermediate waveguides (30) located between the coupler and the combiner and comprising a correcting central section (S.sub.c) in which an effective index associated with the guided modes is adjusted so that the optical paths of the intermediate waveguides (30) between the coupler (20) and the combiner (40) are identical to one another.

Provided is an optical connection component that is constituted of a plate-shaped substrate configured to transmit light to be used, and a resin optical waveguide. The resin optical waveguide is constituted of a resin core formed with a resin through which light to be used passes. For example, the resin core is formed with a light-cured resin. The resin optical waveguide uses air surrounding the resin core as a cladding. The resin core has a folded back structure in which the resin core once separates from the surface of the substrate and then returns to the surface of the substrate, and is connected to each of a first input/output end and a second input/output end of the substrate.

A polarization splitter-rotator (PSR) is described. The PSR having a silicon nitride based waveguide to split and rotate an optical beam. The silicon nitride based waveguide having a first silicon nitride segment including a first layer and a second layer coupled with the first layer.

The present disclosure provides a light detecting device. The light detecting devices includes an insulating layer, a silicon layer, a light detecting layer, N first doped regions and M second doped regions. The silicon layer is disposed over the insulating layer. The light detecting layer is disposed over the silicon layer and extends within at least a portion of the silicon layer. The first doped regions have a first dopant type and are disposed within the light detecting layer. The second doped regions have a second dopant type and are disposed within the light detecting layer. The first doped regions and the second doped regions are alternatingly arranged. M and N are integers equal to or greater than 2.

Structures including an edge coupler and methods of fabricating a structure including an edge coupler. The edge coupler includes a waveguide core having an end surface and a tapered section that terminates at the end surface. The tapered section of the waveguide core includes a slab layer and a ridge layer on the slab layer. The slab layer and the ridge layer each terminate at the end surface. The slab layer has a first width dimension with a first width at a given location along a longitudinal axis of the waveguide core, the ridge layer has a second width dimension with a second width at the given location along the longitudinal axis of the waveguide core, and the first width is greater than the second width.

In this invention there is provided an illumination system for a photosynthetic organism-growing medium. This system comprises a waterproof housing arranged to be inserted into a photosynthetic organism-growing medium and having a length along a longitudinal axis that is greater than a width. It also comprises a light source arranged to provide illumination along the length of the housing, and a diffuser arranged within the waterproof housing, the diffuser having a narrow end directed towards the light source and a wider end away from the light source and having a diffusive reflective surface arranged to diffusively reflect light from the light source to outside the housing.