Embodiments of the disclosure provide an integrated circuit (IC) structure, including an absorber layer separated from an optical grating coupler by a cladding material. The absorber is positioned to receive light reoriented through the optical grating coupler.

A diffraction structure includes a supporting layer, a high refractive index layer, and a low refractive index layer. The high refractive index layer has a first refractive index, is formed above the supporting layer, configures a waveguide guiding input light input from an input terminal along a specific direction, and includes an opening section formed along the specific direction. The low refractive index layer has a second refractive index lower that the first refractive index, and is formed so as to cover the high refractive index layer and fill the opening section. The opening section modifies the input light in at least one of direction or speed according to a wavelength of the input light, and outputs the modified light as output light.

The present invention relates to an optical light guide element having a first end section with a light entrance area designed for facing a light source and having a second end section with a light exit area designed for facing a light target area, wherein the light exit area is defined by a second surface area on the optical light guide element which faces a light target area, and wherein the light entrance area is defined by a first surface area on the optical light guide element which faces the light source, wherein the first end section comprises a first inclined surface area which forms an acute angle with the first surface area of the light entrance area, wherein the second end section forms a second inclined surface area which encloses an acute angle with the surface area of the light exit area, characterized in that said first surface area on the optical light guide element which faces the light source comprises a first replicated polymer lens.

The present invention relates to an optical light guide element having a first end section with a light entrance area designed for facing a light source and having a second end section with a light exit area designed for facing a light target area, wherein the light exit area is defined by a second surface area on the optical light guide element which faces a light target area, and wherein the light entrance area is defined by a first surface area on the optical light guide element which faces the light source, wherein the first end section comprises a first inclined surface area which forms an acute angle with the first surface area of the light entrance area, wherein the second end section forms a second inclined surface area which encloses an acute angle with the surface area of the light exit area, characterized in that said first surface area on the optical light guide element which faces the light source comprises a first replicated polymer lens.

An optical device includes a semiconductor laser light source, a grating element and an optical transmission element. The grating element includes a ridge-type optical waveguide having an incident surface to which a semiconductor laser light is incident and an emitting surface from which an outgoing light having a desired wavelength is emitted, and a Bragg grating formed in the ridge-type optical waveguide. The light transmission element includes an optical transmission part having an incident surface to which the outgoing light from the ridge-type optical waveguide is incident. A near-field diameter in a horizontal direction at the incident surface of the optical transmission part is greater than a near-field diameter in the horizontal direction at the emitting surface of said ridge-type optical waveguide.

A mode converter provided in the present invention includes an input multimode waveguide, an output multimode waveguide, and a first conversion waveguide, where the input multimode waveguide is configured to receive a first signal which mode is a first mode; the first conversion waveguide has an input coupling waveguide with a first effective refractive index, and has an output coupling waveguide with a second effective refractive index: the first conversion waveguide is configured to perform, by using the input coupling waveguide, evanescent wave coupling on the first signal that is in the first mode and that is transmitted in the input multimode waveguide, and couple the first signal to the second mode of the output multimode waveguide by using the output coupling waveguide, so as to obtain the first signal in the second mode; and the output multimode waveguide is configured to output the first signal in the second mode.

A mode converter provided in the present invention includes an input multimode waveguide, an output multimode waveguide, and a first conversion waveguide, where the input multimode waveguide is configured to receive a first signal which mode is a first mode; the first conversion waveguide has an input coupling waveguide with a first effective refractive index, and has an output coupling waveguide with a second effective refractive index: the first conversion waveguide is configured to perform, by using the input coupling waveguide, evanescent wave coupling on the first signal that is in the first mode and that is transmitted in the input multimode waveguide, and couple the first signal to the second mode of the output multimode waveguide by using the output coupling waveguide, so as to obtain the first signal in the second mode; and the output multimode waveguide is configured to output the first signal in the second mode.

Diffraction grating-based backlighting having controlled diffractive coupling efficiency includes a light guide and a plurality of diffraction gratings at a surface of the light guide. The light guide is to guide light and the diffraction gratings are to couple out a portion of the guided light using diffractive coupling and to direct the coupled-out portion away from the light guide surface as a plurality of light beams at a principal angular direction. Diffraction gratings of the plurality include diffractive features having a diffractive feature modulation configured to selectively control a diffractive coupling efficiency of the diffraction gratings as a function of distance along the light guide surface.

Optical alignment of optical subassembly and optoelectronic device is achieved using an external source and an external receiver, passing optical signal through a passive waveguide in the optoelectronic device, via alignment reflective surface features provided on the optical subassembly. The optical subassembly is provided with a first alignment reflective surface directing alignment signal from the source to a grating coupler at the input of the waveguide, and a second alignment reflective surface directing to the receiver the alignment signal directed from a grating coupler at the output of the waveguide after the alignment signal has been transmitted from the input to the output through the waveguide. By adjusting the relative position between the optical subassembly and the optoelectronic device, and detecting the maximum optical power of the alignment signal reflected from the second alignment reflective surface, the position of best optical alignment of the optical subassembly and the optoelectronic device can be determined.

Optical alignment of optical subassembly and optoelectronic device is achieved using an external source and an external receiver, passing optical signal through a passive waveguide in the optoelectronic device, via alignment reflective surface features provided on the optical subassembly. The optical subassembly is provided with a first alignment reflective surface directing alignment signal from the source to a grating coupler at the input of the waveguide, and a second alignment reflective surface directing to the receiver the alignment signal directed from a grating coupler at the output of the waveguide after the alignment signal has been transmitted from the input to the output through the waveguide. By adjusting the relative position between the optical subassembly and the optoelectronic device, and detecting the maximum optical power of the alignment signal reflected from the second alignment reflective surface, the position of best optical alignment of the optical subassembly and the optoelectronic device can be determined.