A rotating steering mirror assembly comprising a first wedge rotatable relative to a base and a second wedge rotatable relative to the first wedge to controllably tilt a mirror on an outward- or forward-facing surface of the second wedge. Respective motors can independently rotate the first and second wedges.

A laser apparatus may include: a mirror configured to reflect a laser beam; an actuator configured to operate the mirror; and a controller configured to transmit a movement instruction to the actuator, wherein the controller predicts a movement completion time of the actuator, and transmits a polling signal so that the actuator receives the polling signal after expiration of the predicted movement completion time.

A system includes: a light source; first and second gratings; and at least one reflective component that in a first position forms a first light path originating at the light source and extending to the first grating and thereafter to a subsequent component in the system, and that in a second position forms a second light path originating at the light source and extending to the second grating and thereafter to the subsequent component.

A dynamic controllable system 10 for moderating energy absorption at the earth's surface includes a series of panel units 110, 610 mounted above the earth's surface over land and water masses. Each panel unit 110, 610 supports rotatable shafts 112, 612, with panels 100, 600 joined to or integrally formed with the shafts 112, 612. Each panel (forcing) 100, 600 has a radiation reflective surface 102, 602 and a radiation emissive surface 104, 604 opposite the radiation reflective surface 102, 602. The panels 100, 602 are selectively rotated into a predetermined one of a plurality of cardinal positions: reflective, emissive and neutral, or into an intermediate position between two of the cardinal positions. The programmable controller 130 receives various data including top of atmosphere satellite data, air temperature and relative humidity at panel units, weather data, time of day, position of panel units, radiation insolation, and combinations thereof. Responsive to real-time data, both local and regional, the programmable controller directs rotational orientation of panels within the panel units, causing a desired reflection of shortwave and longwave radiation away from the earth's surface.

A head-up display apparatus in which display light emitted by a display device to express an image is reflected by a reflecting part, and a virtual image corresponding to the reflected image is displayed. The apparatus includes: a reflecting-part holder provided with a pair of rotary shaft parts protruding at both ends thereof, the rotary shaft parts retaining the reflecting part; a pair of bearings rotatably supporting the pair of rotary shaft parts; and a pair of bearing holders retaining the pair of bearings in a housing; first supported parts protruding in the radial direction of the bearings provided to the bearing holders, and the housing provided with a hole-shaped first support part in which the first supported part of one bearing holder is positioned, and an elongated-hole-shaped second support part elongated in an axial direction in which the first supported part of the other bearing holder is positioned.

A vehicular exterior rearview mirror assembly includes a mirror head pivotally mounted at a mounting arm configured for attachment at a side of a vehicle. The mirror head includes a reflective element. A powerfold actuator is operable to pivot the mirror head relative to the mounting arm between at least a folded position and a drive position. The powerfold actuator includes a primary detent that is engaged to maintain the mirror head at the drive position when the mirror head is pivoted via the powerfold actuator to the drive position. The powerfold actuator includes a secondary detent. Following pivoting via the powerfold actuator of the mirror head to the folded position, when the mirror head is manually pivoted from the folded position to the drive position, the primary detent is disengaged and the secondary detent is engaged to maintain the mirror head at the drive position.

A method of additive manufacture is disclosed. The method may include creating, by a 3D printer contained within an enclosure, a part having a weight greater than or equal to 2,000 kilograms. A gas management system may maintain gaseous oxygen within the enclosure atmospheric level. In some embodiments, a wheeled vehicle may transport the part from inside the enclosure, through an airlock, as the airlock operates to buffer between a gaseous environment within the enclosure and a gaseous environment outside the enclosure, and to a location exterior to both the enclosure and the airlock.

An actuator system includes a frame configured to remain stationary relative to a carriage within the frame and connected to the frame by a flexure assembly configured to constrain the carriage for only linear motion along an axis of the actuator system. A rotary base is configured to receive rotational input. Cross-blade flexures operatively connect the carriage to the rotary base, the cross-blade flexures including a plurality of blade flexures and being oriented at an oblique angle to the rotary base and to the axis of the actuator system. A rotary flexure operatively connects the rotary base to the frame. The cross-blade flexures and the rotary flexure are configured to convert rotary motion of the rotary base into linear motion of the carriage and to maintain axial and lateral stiffness.

A metrology frame configured to receive and secure a workpiece in preparation for an interferometric determination of a spatial profile of the workpiece with the use of one or more retroreflectors removably cooperated with the frame in known pre-determined spatial relationship with respect the fiducial features of not only the workpiece but those of the metrology frame itself The metrology frame is necessarily devoid of a holographic optical element, while the measurement apparatus containing such metrology frame employs a hologram configured to generate at least one alignment optical wavefront that spatially converges on the retroreflector. The hologram is preferably structured as a set of constituent holographic regions (contained in the same, unitary or spatially-complementary housing and/or substrate) that perform different but operationally-complementary functions to facilitate the alignment of the metrology frame with respect to the converging optical wavefront with or without the workpiece in the frame. The optical measurement system employing the metrology frame and the hologram. Methods of optical alignment with use of same.

Laser apparatus (10) includes at least: a laser oscillator that emits laser light (LB); reflection mirrors (M1), (M2) that are disposed on an optical path of laser light (LB) and change the optical path; actuators (ACT1), (ACT2) that are respectively coupled to reflection mirrors (M1), (M2) and displace reflection mirrors (M1), (M2); optical axis deviation detector (16) that is disposed to surround the optical path of laser light (LB) and detects an optical axis deviation of laser light (LB); and a controller that drives actuators (ACT1), (ACT2) on the basis of a detection result of optical axis deviation detector (16) to displace reflection mirrors (M1), (M2) and correct the optical axis deviation of laser light (LB).