An electro-optical device, including: a substrate; an optical waveguide film formed of electro-optical material provided in a predetermined region on the substrate; a buffer layer provided adjacent to the optical waveguide film; and an electrode for applying an electric field to the optical waveguide film, and a non-light-transmission optical waveguide film is provided outside the predetermined region. According to the electro-optical device of the present disclosure, the propagation loss of light can be suppressed.

An electro-optical device, including: a substrate; an optical waveguide composed of an electro-optic material film formed in a ridge shape on the substrate; a buffer layer configured to cover the optical waveguide; and an upper electrode provided on the optical waveguide through the buffer layer, and the buffer layer has a recess on the upper electrode side above the optical waveguide. Accordingly, the propagation loss of light can be suppressed.

An optical modulator includes: an optical modulation element including a plurality of signal electrodes and generating two modulated light beams, each of which is modulated by two sets of electrical signals; a plurality of signal input terminals, each of which inputs an electrical signal; a relay substrate on which a plurality of signal and ground conductor patterns are formed, the relay substrate propagating the two sets of electrical signals by two pairs of the adjacent signal conductor patterns; and a housing, in which at least one signal conductor pattern includes at least one component mounting portion including at least a parallel circuit of a resistor and a capacitor, and the relay substrate includes a metal body connected on the ground conductor pattern or a substrate removal portion that sandwiches a portion of the signal conductor pattern downstream of the component mounting portion along a propagation direction of the electrical signal.

An electro-optic modulator is disposed on a surface of a substrate including: an optical waveguide layer disposed on the substrate, a modulation electrode disposed on the optical waveguide layer, and a metal electrode disposed on the modulation electrode and electrically connected to the modulation electrode. A first end of the metal electrode is coupled to a radio frequency driver, and receives a modulation signal input by the radio frequency driver. The modulation electrode is configured to perform electro-optic modulation on the optical waveguide layer based on the modulation signal. A second end of the metal electrode is coupled to a direct-current voltage end, and the direct-current voltage end is configured to input a voltage signal and provide a bias voltage for the radio frequency driver by using the metal electrode. This reduces costs and a size of the electro-optic modulator, and is conducive to device miniaturization.

The present disclosure relates to electro-optic modulators that include caps for optical confinement. One example embodiment includes an electro-optic modulator. The electro-optic modulator includes a first cladding layer. The electro-optic modulator also includes a second cladding layer. In addition, the electro-optic modulator includes a first waveguide. The first waveguide is at least partially encapsulated between the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer. Further, the electro-optic modulator includes a thin-film lithium niobate layer adjacent to the second cladding layer. The thin-film lithium niobate layer is on an opposite side of the second cladding layer from the first waveguide. Additionally, the electro-optic modulator includes a first cap positioned on an opposite side of the thin-film lithium niobate layer from the second cladding layer. The first cap enhances optical confinement within the thin-film lithium niobate layer. Still further, the electro-optic modulator includes a plurality of electrodes.

A high-power electro-optic modulator (EOM) is formed to use specialized electrodes of a material selected to have a CTE that matches the CTE of the modulator's crystal. Providing CTE matching reduces the presence of stress-induced birefringence, which is known to cause unwanted modulation of the propagating optical signal. The specialized electrodes are preferably formed of a CuW metal matrix composite having a W/Cu ratio selected to create the matching CTE value. Advantageously, the CuW-based electrodes also exhibit a thermal conductivity about an order of magnitude greater than conventional electrode material (brass, Kovar) and thus provide additional thermal stability to the EOM's performance.

A spatial light modulator is provided, including a backplane inside which a drive circuit is disposed, a phase adjustment unit, an electrode, and an electrical connection portion. The phase adjustment unit includes a lower cavity mirror, a cavity layer, and an upper cavity mirror, and the lower cavity mirror is located between the cavity layer and the backplane. The electrode includes a first electrode and a second electrode, and the electrode is located inside or on a surface of the phase adjustment unit, and is located on a side that is of the lower cavity mirror and that faces away from the backplane. The electrical connection portion is electrically connected to the electrode and the drive circuit, to form a drive electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode, and adjust a refractive index of the phase adjustment unit.

A touch display device including a driving substrate, a display module, a touch electrode layer and an insulating layer is provided. The driving substrate has a display area and a non-display area located outside the display area. The display module includes a display medium layer, a transparent conductive layer and a transparent cover plate sequentially arranged on the driving substrate and located in the display area. The touch electrode layer is disposed in the non-display area of the driving substrate or outside the driving substrate. The insulating layer covers an upper surface of the display module and extendedly covers a top surface of the touch electrode layer along a side edge of the display module.

An electro-optic modulation structure 110, a method for fabrication of the electro-optic modulation structure, and a method of optical modulation derived from an electro-optic modulation structure with low voltage of operation are disclosed. The low voltage operation of the electro-optic modulator is realized by designed electro-optic modulation structures that include the light confining waveguide 114, overclad layer 120 and modulating electrode structure 116 for applying modulation voltages that are directed towards a low voltage operation of the electro-optic modulation 110 device upon consideration of optimal optical loss.

This optical modulation element includes a first optical waveguide, a second optical waveguide, a first electrode for applying an electric field to the first optical waveguide, and a second electrode for applying an electric field to the second optical waveguide. The first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide each include a ridge-shaped portion protruding from a first surface of a lithium niobate film. A first interaction length L.sub.1 that is a length of a part of the first electrode overlapping the first optical waveguide in a longitudinal direction is 0.9 mm or more and 20 mm or less. A second interaction length L.sub.2 that is a length of a part of the second electrode overlapping the second optical waveguide in the longitudinal direction is 0.9 mm or more and 20 mm or less.