A coherent frequency modulated receiver for receiving and detecting arriving optical signals which comprises an electrically controllable optical beam scanner receiving optical input beams arriving at different angles in a field of view of the electrically controllable optical beam scanner, the electrically controllable optical beam scanner conveying a scanned optical input beam as its output optical beam; a grating coupler responsive to the output or reflected optical beam of the electrically controllable optical beams scanner, the grating coupler having a waveguided output; an optical local oscillator laser having a waveguided output; an FMCW signal generator; an optical modulator responsive to the optical waveguided outputs of the optical local oscillator laser and also to an electrical FMCW signal from the FMCW signal generator; a pair of second order non-linear optical elements for frequency upconverting respective outputs of the optical modulator and the grating coupler; and at least one photodiode optically coupled to an outputs of the pair of second order non-linear optical elements.

A solid state electrically variable focal length lens includes a plurality of concentric rings of electro-optical material, wherein the electro-optical material comprises any material of a class of hydrogen-doped phase-change metal oxide and wherein each respective concentric ring further includes a transparent resistive sheet on a first face of the respective concentric ring, wherein the transparent resistive sheet extends along the first face, and a first voltage coupled between a first end and a second end of the transparent resistive sheet, wherein the first voltage may be varied to select an optical beam deflection angle.

A transparent optical element may include a layer of an electroactive ceramic disposed between transparent electrodes, such that the electrodes are each oriented perpendicular to a non-polar direction of the ceramic layer. Optical properties of the optical element, including transmissivity, haze, and clarity may be improved by the application of a voltage to the electroactive ceramic, and an associated phase transformation.

An optical waveguide device includes a substrate, an optical waveguide formed on the substrate, two electrodes disposed at positions sandwiching the optical waveguide from both sides in a plane of the substrate; and a dielectric layer covering a top of the optical waveguide, wherein the dielectric layer extends in a width direction of the optical waveguide to an extent including edges of the two electrodes, facing the optical waveguide, and is disposed to partially cover each of the two electrodes.

An optical device is provided, which includes: an optical waveguide provided in a substrate having an electro-optic effect; a signal electrode provided on the substrate and above the optical waveguide; and a peeling prevention film which is provided on at least a part of an outer peripheral portion of the substrate and at a position spaced apart from the signal electrode, and also serves as a ground electrode.

Provided is an optical-waveguide-element module in which a common connecting substrate is used for different optical waveguide elements and deterioration of the propagation characteristics of electrical signals in a curved section of a signal electrode is suppressed. A control electrode in an optical waveguide element is consisted of a signal electrode SL and ground electrodes GD which put the signal electrode therebetween, a connecting substrate is provided with a signal line SL1 (SL2) and ground lines GD1 (GD2) which put the signal line therebetween, the signal electrode and the signal line, and, the ground electrodes and the ground lines are respectively connected to each other using wires (WR1, WR2, and WR20 to WR22) , the control electrode in which a space W1 between the ground electrodes GD at an input end or an output end of the control electrode is wider than a space W2 between the ground lines GD1 (GD2) on the optical waveguide element side in the connecting substrate, has a portion in which the space between the ground electrodes GD forms a space W3 which is narrower than the space W2 in a portion away from the input end or the output end, furthermore, the signal electrode SL in the control electrode has a curved section in a place from the input end or the output end to an operating part in which the control electrode applies an electric field to the optical waveguide, and suppression means (WR20 to WR32) for suppressing generation of a local potential difference between the ground electrodes which put the signal electrode therebetween in the curved section of the signal electrode is provided.

An optical modulator is provided. The optical modulator can include a wave guide layer made of an electro-optical material with two or more electrodes directly contacting the wave guide layer. Each electrode can include an associated optical wave guide region, which is located within the wave guide layer. Each optical wave guide region is aligned with a lateral location corresponding to an electric field peak, which can be generated during operation of the optical modulator in a circuit, associated with the corresponding electrode. One or more voltage sources in a circuit can be operated to generate an electric field peak at one or more of the electrodes.

Resonant optical cavities incorporating black phosphorus to enable electrically tunable control of light are disclosed. Methods and devices are described that use black phosphorus as an electrically tunable optical material to control phase, amplitude and/or polarization of light from visible to mid-infrared wavelengths. The operating wavelength of the optical cavities depends on the thickness of the embedded black phosphorous. Tunable control of light is performed by adjusting the doping level of black phosphorous.

An optical modulator includes a first optical modulation section and a second optical modulation section which use modulation signals different from each other when applying a modulation signal to the modulation electrode and performing optical modulation. In addition, a light-receiving element is disposed on a substrate, and the light-receiving element has a first light-receiving section that detects optical signal propagating from a first waveguide which guides the optical signal output from the first optical modulation section. In addition, the light-receiving element also has a second light-receiving section that detects an optical signal propagating through a second waveguide which guides the optical signal output from the second optical modulation section.

An electro-optic modulator comprising at least one nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal; first and second conductors operatively connected to the nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal adapted to be connected to a voltage source to modulate light passing there through; whereby light is modulated by passing through the nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal. A method for modulating light comprising providing at least one at least one nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal; providing first and second conductors operatively connected to the nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal adapted to be connected to a voltage source to modulate light passing there through; providing an interrogating light beam striking at least one nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal; modulating light passing through the nanodisordered potassium tantalate niobate crystal; and receiving a modulated light beam.