An electro-optic display having a viewing surface through which a user views the display, a bistable, electrophoretic medium, and at least one electrode arranged to apply an electric field to the electrophoretic medium, the display further comprising at least 10 micromoles per square meter of the viewing surface of at least one compound having an oxidation potential more negative that about 150 mV with respect to a standard hydrogen electrode, as measured at pH 8, where the compound is a sulfite salt or a salt of titanium (III), vanadium (II), iron (II), cobalt (II) or copper (I), a hydroquinone, a catechol, a dihydropyridine or a metallocene.

A movable carrier auxiliary system includes at least one optical image capturing system disposed on a movable carrier, at least one warning module, and at least one displaying device. The optical image capturing system includes an image capturing module and an operation module, and has at least one lens group including at least two lenses having refractive power. The image capturing module captures and produces an environmental image surrounding the movable carrier. The operation module electrically connected to the image capturing module detects at least one lane marking in the environmental image to generate a detecting signal. The warning module electrically connected to the operation module receives the detecting signal to determine whether a moving direction of the movable carrier deviates from a lane, and generate a warning signal when the moving direction deviates from the lane. The displaying device electrically connected to the warning module displays the warning signal.

A movable carrier auxiliary system includes at least one optical image capturing system disposed on a movable carrier, at least one warning module, and at least one displaying device. The optical image capturing system includes an image capturing module and an operation module, and has at least one lens group including at least two lenses having refractive power. The image capturing module captures and produces an environmental image surrounding the movable carrier. The operation module electrically connected to the image capturing module detects at least one lane marking in the environmental image to generate a detecting signal. The warning module electrically connected to the operation module receives the detecting signal to determine whether a moving direction of the movable carrier deviates from a lane, and generate a warning signal when the moving direction deviates from the lane. The displaying device electrically connected to the warning module displays the warning signal.

An electrophoretic particle according to an embodiment contains carbon black, and the electrophoretic particle comprises: a core portion; and a shell portion disposed to surround the outer surface of the core portion, wherein a protrusion portion is formed on the surface of the core portion, the core portion has a chromaticity index of 2 or less, the core portion has a light absorption rate of 90% to 99%, and the particle diameter of the electrophoretic particles is 50 nm to 800 nm.

An electrophoretic particle according to an embodiment contains carbon black, and the electrophoretic particle comprises: a core portion; and a shell portion disposed to surround the outer surface of the core portion, wherein a protrusion portion is formed on the surface of the core portion, the core portion has a chromaticity index of 2 or less, the core portion has a light absorption rate of 90% to 99%, and the particle diameter of the electrophoretic particles is 50 nm to 800 nm.

A display apparatus including a first substrate, a first electrode, a second substrate, a first microlens layer, a second microlens layer, a second electrode, a blocking wall structure, an electrophoresis medium, and multiple particles. The first electrode is disposed on the first substrate. The first microlens layer, having multiple first microlenses, is disposed on the second substrate. The second microlens layer, having multiple second microlenses, is disposed on the first microlens layer. The second electrode is disposed on the second microlens layer. The blocking wall structure is at least disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and has an accommodating space corresponding to the first electrode. The electrophoresis medium is disposed in the accommodating space. The first microlens layer and the second microlens layer are disposed between the second substrate and at least a portion of the electrophoresis medium. The particles are mixed within the electrophoresis medium.

A display apparatus including a first substrate, a first electrode, a second substrate, a first microlens layer, a second microlens layer, a second electrode, a blocking wall structure, an electrophoresis medium, and multiple particles. The first electrode is disposed on the first substrate. The first microlens layer, having multiple first microlenses, is disposed on the second substrate. The second microlens layer, having multiple second microlenses, is disposed on the first microlens layer. The second electrode is disposed on the second microlens layer. The blocking wall structure is at least disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and has an accommodating space corresponding to the first electrode. The electrophoresis medium is disposed in the accommodating space. The first microlens layer and the second microlens layer are disposed between the second substrate and at least a portion of the electrophoresis medium. The particles are mixed within the electrophoresis medium.

n electro-optic assembly includes a layer of electro-optic material configured to switch optical states upon application of an electric field and an anisotropically conductive layer having one or more moisture-resistive polymers and a conductive material, the moisture-resistive polymer having a WVTR less than 5 g/(m.sup.2*d).

An electrophoretic display medium includes a front and a rear electrode, at least one of the front and rear electrodes being transparent, and an encapsulated dispersion fluid containing a plurality of pigments positioned between the front and rear electrode. The plurality of pigments includes a first and a second type of organic pigment particle. The first type of organic pigment particle has a first color and a first charge polarity. The second type of organic pigment particle has a second color different from the first color and a second charge polarity the same as the first charge polarity. At least one of the first and second types of organic pigment particle includes a silica coating and a polymeric stabilizer covalently bonded to the silica coating.

An electrophoretic display (100) comprises an electrophoretic medium (114) having electrically charged particles disposed in a fluid and capable of moving through the fluid on application of an electric field. An electrode (104, 120) is disposed adjacent the electrophoretic medium and arranged to apply an electric field thereto. A dielectric layer (106, 118) is disposed between the electrophoretic medium (114) and the electrode (104, 120) and has at least one aperture (107, 119) extending therethrough. The provision of the apertures (107, 119) in the dielectric layers enables the dielectric layers (106, 118) to protect the electrodes (104, 120) while reducing electro-optical kickback. When multiple electrodes (104, 120) are present adjacent the electrophoretic medium (114), more than one or all of the electrodes (104, 120) may be provided with apertured dielectric layers (106, 118).