Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive drum that achieves both of a reduction in torque of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum at the time of its cleaning and an improvement in image transferability. The electrophotographic photosensitive drum includes: a support; and a photosensitive layer arranged on the support, the electrophotographic photosensitive drum having arranged on an outer surface thereof at least two structure groups having different appearance periods, wherein when, out of the two structure groups, a group including structures having a smaller appearance period is defined as a first structure group, and a group including structures having a larger appearance period is defined as a second structure group, a height of the first structure group is lower than a height of the second structure group.

Provided are an electrophotographic photoconductor that is less likely to cause transfer ghosting even when mounted in an electrophotographic apparatus with high transfer voltage set for high-speed or cleanerless processes, as well as a method of manufacturing the electrophotographic photoconductor, and an electrophotographic apparatus. The electrophotographic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate; an undercoat layer provided on the conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer provided on the undercoat layer. In the electrophotographic photoconductor, the undercoat layer contains a resin binder and a first filler; and the first filler contains zinc oxide particles that are surface-treated with an N-acylated amino acid or an N-acylated amino acid salt.

A photoconductive drum includes an elongated support element with a shaped charge generation layer. The layer extends from the support element at various thicknesses along a length thereof. Thicker charge generation portions provides denser optical densities compared to thinner portions allowing tailoring the photoconductive drum to compensate for imperfect optical scanning systems. A charge transport layer overcoats the charge generation layer. Optionally, an oxidation layer underlies the charge generation layer as does a protective overcoat overlying the charge transport layer. Various thicknesses and shapes of the charge generation layer are also disclosed.

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive drum that achieves both of a reduction in torque of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum at the time of its cleaning and an improvement in image transferability. The electrophotographic photosensitive drum includes: a support; and a photosensitive layer arranged on the support, the electrophotographic photosensitive drum having arranged on an outer surface thereof at least two structure groups having different appearance periods, wherein when, out of the two structure groups, a group including structures having a smaller appearance period is defined as a first structure group, and a group including structures having a larger appearance period is defined as a second structure group, a height of the first structure group is lower than a height of the second structure group.

An example consumable print device component may include a surface and a human-indiscernible hardware-based identifier arranged on the surface.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer that is formed on the electroconductive substrate and that contains an inorganic oxide and a lubricant resin which contains a polycarbonate resin having a siloxane structure therein or a polyarylate resin having a siloxane structure therein. When light having a wavelength of 780 nm is irradiated onto a slurry containing 20% by mass of the inorganic oxide in a predetermined solvent to provide an inorganic oxide slurry, the inorganic oxide slurry has a light transmittance that is 80% or more. The photosensitive layer may be a negatively-charged laminate-type photosensitive layer, a monolayer type photosensitive layer, or a positively-charged laminate-type photosensitive layer. The electrophotographic photoreceptor is less worn upon long-term use, allows no filming, and can realize stable images. A method for producing the electrophotographic photoreceptor and an electrophotographic apparatus including the electrophotographic photoreceptor are disclosed.

An electrophotographic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer provided on the conductive substrate and containing a charge generation material, a hole transport material, a first electron transport material, from 3% by mass to 40% by mass of a second electron transport material, a resin binder, and an inorganic oxide filler surface-treated with a silane coupling agent. In a dipole-dipole force component (a Hansen solubility parameter), the first electron transport material and the silane coupling agent have a difference of ΔSPa<2.50; the second electron transport material and the silane coupling agent have a difference of ΔSPb<2.50; and the first electron transport material and the second electron transport material have a difference of 0.30<ΔSPc<1.00. In a London dispersion force component (a Hansen solubility parameter), the resin binder and the silane coupling agent have a difference of ΔSPd<2.00.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a support, an undercoat layer placed on the support, a charge generation layer placed on the undercoat layer, and a charge transport layer placed on the charge generation layer. The undercoat layer contains titanium oxide particles surface-treated with an organosilicon compound that is at least one member selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formulas (1) to (8) and a polyamide resin. The charge generation layer contains hydroxygallium phthalocyanine.

A cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member having concave portions on a surface thereof includes a region A having concave portions at an end portion in an axial direction of the photosensitive member and a region B having concave portions different from those in the region A in a direction toward a center of the axial direction of the photosensitive member from the region A, wherein in the region A, an average value L1 is 20 to 200 μm, an average value W1 satisfies W1≤L1, an average value d1 is 1.7 to 4.0 μm, and an area ratio a1 is 5 to 65%; and in the region B, an average value L2 is 20 to 200 μm, an average value W2 satisfies W2≤L2, an average value d2 is 0.3 to 1.5 μm, and an area ratio a2 is 5 to 65%.

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member, which has high abrasion resistance and is resistant to being deeply flawed. Specifically, provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a support and a surface layer formed on the support, wherein the surface layer comprises at least inorganic particles having pores in surfaces thereof, wherein at least a resin in the surface layer penetrates the pores, and wherein when vibration having a frequency of 0.5 Hz is applied to the surface layer at 28° C., the loss tangent tan δ of the dynamic viscoelasticity of the surface layer is from 0.005 to 0.05.