An electrostatic image developing toner includes toner particles containing a binder resin. In a differential scanning calorimetry curve of the toner particles, Tg1 is 58° C. or more and 68° C. or less, and Tg1−Tg2 is 20° C. or more and 40° C. or less, where Tg1 is a lowest onset temperature in an endothermic change during a first temperature increase, and Tg2 is a lowest onset temperature in an endothermic change during a second temperature increase.

A white toner for electrostatic image development contains white toner particles that contain a binder resin and a white pigment and satisfy condition 1 below:

condition 1: a grain size distribution index GSD.sub.vL of the white toner particles satisfies formula (1) below, and a ratio of a number of white toner particles having a diameter of 3 μm or less to a total number of white toner particles is 1% by number or more and less than 6% by number:

1.2≤GSD.sub.vL(=D.sub.84v/D.sub.50v)≤1.5   formula (1):

(in formula (1), D.sub.84v is a particle diameter at which a cumulative frequency cumulated from a small diameter side in a volume-based particle size distribution is 84%, and D.sub.50v is a particle diameter at which the cumulative frequency cumulated from the small diameter side in the volume-based particle size distribution is 50%).

A toner, comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin, wherein the binder resin comprises an amorphous polyester and a crystalline polyester; (i) a weight-average molecular weight of a soluble matter of the crystalline polyester in o-dichlorobenzene at 100° C. is 1500 to 4900; (ii) the crystalline polyester comprises a modified crystalline polyester having at least one terminal-modified structure selected from among a structure in which a hydroxy group at a main chain terminal of the crystalline polyester is terminal-modified with a C16 to C31 aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, and a structure in which a carboxy group at a main chain terminal of the crystalline polyester is terminal-modified with a C15 to C30 aliphatic monoalcohol; and (iii) a content ratio of the terminal-modified structure in the crystalline polyester is 80.0 mol % or higher.

A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image includes toner particles that include a binder resin, a releasing agent, a brilliant pigment, and an aminocarboxylic acid compound.

A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image contains toner particles containing at least one binder resin, a release agent, and a coloring agent, and a cross-sectional image of the toner particles meets requirements (1) and (2): requirement (1), an average of ten or more domains, per toner particle, of the release agent have an area of 0.5% or more and 5.0% or less of the area of the toner particle; requirement (2), in a Voronoi tessellation generated from the centroids of the domains of the coloring agent, the mean area of the Voronoi cells is 0.020 μm.sup.2 or more and 0.060 μm.sup.2 or less, and the standard deviation of the areas of the Voronoi cells is 0.010 μm.sup.2 or less.

A toner, comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin and a water-soluble polyvalent metal salt, wherein a main component of the binder resin is a polyester resin having specific acid value, the water-soluble polyvalent metal salt is a chloride, nitrate or sulfate of the specific metal, the water-soluble polyvalent metal salt has a solubility in water at 25° C. of 30 to 200 g/100 mL, in a cross-sectional observation of the toner particle, a proportion of the area of domains having a concrete surface area, relative to the total area of domains derived from the water-soluble polyvalent metal salt, is 80 to 100 area %, the expression below is satisfied, where At (area %) denotes the proportion of the total area of domains and Fm (atomic %) denotes the proportion of the polyvalent metal atom relative to the atoms in the toner as detected by X-ray fluorescence analysis.

0.02≤At/Fm≤0.10

A toner composition having improved toner usage efficiency, wherein toner particles having an average size range of 1-25 μm may be mixed with an extra particulate additive package including a first small silica surface treated with both a silane and an aminosilane having a primary particle size of about 5 nm-20 nm, a second fumed silica having a primary particle size of 30 nm-60 nm, a third silica having a primary particle size of about 70 nm-120 nm, an electro-conductive titania having a primary particle size of 30 nm-60 nm and an acicular titania having a size of about 1.6 μm to 1.7 μm in length and about 130 nm in diameter. An alternative embodiment of the extra particulate additive package does not include a third silica having a primary particle size of about 70 nm-120 nm.

A toner particle includes a binder resin, a thermally expandable capsule, a colorant, and a wax. The binder resin includes an amorphous polyester resin having a pendant group, and a crystalline polyester resin.

A toner is comprised of toner particles and external additive adhering to the surface of the toner particles. The toner particles are formed from a binder resin, an ester wax, and a colorant. The external additive comprises a titanium oxide and silica. A first adhesive strength between the external additive and the toner base particles is in a range of 90 to 100% when measured as a ratio of X-ray spectroscopic intensity of titanium for toner particles before and after a washing process, and a second adhesive strength between the external additive and the toner base particles is in a range of 50 to 80% when measured as a ratio of X-ray spectroscopic intensity of silicon measured for toner before and after another washing process.

A coating layer application device (200) for applying a coating layer, which is located on a transfer element, to a substrate, the coating layer (206) being formed from a coating material, in particular a thermosetting coating material, the coating layer (206) being curable and comprising an amorphous material, the coating layer application device comprising: a heating device (214, 220) being configured so as to (i) maintain the temperature of the coating layer (206) within a temperature range before removal of N the transfer element (204) from the coating layer (206), wherein within the temperature range the uncured coating material is in its supercooled liquid state; and/or (ii) partially cure the coating layer (206) during a contact of the coating layer (206) and the substrate (210) and before removal of the transfer element (204) from the coating layer, in particular by increasing the temperature of the coating layer (206) to a temperature at or above a curing temperature of the coating layer (206).