Novel support material formulations, characterized as providing a cured support material with improved dissolution rate, while maintaining sufficient mechanical strength, are disclosed. The formulations comprise a water-miscible non-curable polymer, a first water-miscible, curable material and a second, water-miscible material that is selected capable of interfering with intermolecular interactions between polymeric chains formed upon exposing the first water-miscible material to curing energy. Methods of fabricating a three-dimensional object, and a three-dimensional object fabricated thereby are also disclosed.

A toner containing a toner particle that contains a binder resin and a crystalline material, wherein, in measurement of powder dynamic viscoelasticity of the toner, when T(A) C. is taken as an onset temperature for a storage elastic modulus E obtained at a ramp rate of 20 C./min, EA(100) Pa is taken as a storage elastic modulus at 100 C. obtained at a ramp rate of 20 C./min, and T(B) C. is taken as an onset temperature for a storage elastic modulus E obtained at a ramp rate of 5 C./min, T(A)T(B) is 3.0 C. or less, T(A) is from 45.0 C. to 70.0 C., and EA(100) is from 4.010.sup.9 Pa to 6.510.sup.9 Pa.

A toner, including: a polyester resin, wherein the polyester resin has a structure represented by any one of formulas 1) to 3) below: 1) R1-(NHCONH-R2)n-, 2) R1-(NHCOO-R2)n-, and 3) R1-(OCONH-R2)n-, where n is 3 or more, R1 represents an aromatic organic group or an aliphatic organic group, and R2 represents a group derived from a resin that is polyester formed of polycarboxylic acid, polyol, or both thereof; or that is a modified polyester obtained by modifying polyester with isocyanate. ##STR00001##

A toner comprising a toner particle that includes a binder resin, wherein in dynamic viscoelasticity measurement of the toner, the storage elastic modulus of the toner at 70 C. is from 0.10 MPa to 3.00 MPa, and in nanoindentation measurement of the toner, the surface storage elastic modulus of the toner at 25 C. under 150 N of load is from 2.80 GPa to 4.50 GPa.

A method for curing of an actinic light sensitive ink or toner layer on a substrate includes irradiating the actinic light sensitive ink or toner layer with a first radiation dose D1 in a first spectral range between 320 nm and 445 nm, followed by a second radiation dose D2 in a second spectral range between 200 nm and 319 nm. The ratio D1/D2 of the first radiation dose and the second radiation dose is between 0.25 and 500, more preferably between 0.25 and 200, even more preferably between 0.50 and 100.

Provided is a toner has a toner particle containing a binder resin and is characterized in that the binder resin contains a polymer A, which is a polymer of a composition containing a first polymerizable monomer, a second polymerizable monomer and a crosslinking agent, the first polymerizable monomer is at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid esters having an alkyl group with 18 to 36 carbon atoms, the crosslinking agent has two or more polymerizable double bonds, a content of the first polymerizable monomer in the composition is 5.0 to 60.0 mol %, a content of the second polymerizable monomer is 20.0 to 95.0 mol %, and when the SP values of the first polymerizable monomer, the second polymerizable monomer and the crosslinking agent are denoted by SP.sub.12, SP.sub.22 and SP.sub.C2, respectively, the formulae 0.60(SP.sub.22SP.sub.12)15.00 and SP.sub.12<SP.sub.C2<(SP.sub.22+3.00) are satisfied.

The present invention provides a toner for electrostatic-image development comprising color resin particle containing a binder resin, a colorant, a charge control agent, and a thickener, wherein the binder resin is a copolymer including styrene-monomer unit and (meth)acrylate monomer unit, the thickener is a resin containing a nitrogen atom, and the content of nitrogen atom is 150 to 1500 mass ppm in the toner for electrostatic-image development.

A toner including toner particles comprising at least one resin, in combination with an optional colorant, and an optional wax; and a copolymer toner additive on at least a portion of an external surface of the toner particles, the copolymer toner additive comprising a first monomer having a high carbon to oxygen ratio of from about 3 to about 8; and a second monomer comprising two or more vinyl groups, wherein the second monomer is present in the copolymer in an amount of from greater than about 8 percent by weight to about 60 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer; wherein the copolymer toner additive has a volume average particle diameter of from about 20 nanometers to less than about 70 nanometers. An emulsion aggregation toner process including the copolymer as a toner surface additive.

A polymeric composition including a copolymer comprising a first monomer having a high carbon to oxygen ratio of from about 3 to about 8; a second monomer comprising two or more vinyl groups, wherein the second monomer is present in the copolymer in an amount of from greater than about 8 percent by weight to about 40 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer; and optionally, a third monomer comprising an amine, wherein the third monomer is present in an amount of from about 0.1 percent by weight to about 1.5 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer; and a surfactant, wherein the surfactant has a minimum surface tension at critical micelle concentration of less than about 30 mN/m. A toner including the copolymer as a toner surface additive. An emulsion aggregation toner process including the copolymer as a toner surface additive.

A polymeric composition including a copolymer comprising a first monomer having a high carbon to oxygen ratio of from about 3 to about 8; a second monomer comprising two or more vinyl groups, wherein the second monomer is present in the copolymer in an amount of from greater than about 8 percent by weight to about 60 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer; and, optionally, a third monomer comprising an amine, wherein the third monomer, if present, is present in an amount of from about 0.5 percent by weight to about 5 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer. A toner including the copolymer as a toner surface additive. An emulsion aggregation toner process including the copolymer as a toner surface additive.