A method for producing an electrostatic image developing toner includes mixing toner particles containing an amorphous resin with additive particles. A mixing device used in the mixing includes a stirring vessel, a stirring blade, and a jacket configured to cool the stirring vessel, and condition (1) and condition (2) are satisfied. Condition (1): an internal temperature Ti of the mixing device in the mixing and a glass transition temperature Tg of the amorphous resin contained in a near-surface portion of the toner particles satisfy Tg−50° C.≤Ti<Tg (inequality 1). Condition (2): 0.08≤ (Pm−P0)/w≤0.50 (inequality 2) is satisfied. In inequality 2, Pm represents an average power (kW) of a motor for driving the stirring blade of the mixing device in the mixing, P0 represents an idling power (kW) of the motor, and w represents a total mass (kg) of the toner particles and the additive particles in the mixing device.

An electrostatic image developing toner includes toner particles containing a binder resin. In a differential scanning calorimetry curve of the toner particles, Tg1 is 58° C. or more and 68° C. or less, and Tg1−Tg2 is 20° C. or more and 40° C. or less, where Tg1 is a lowest onset temperature in an endothermic change during a first temperature increase, and Tg2 is a lowest onset temperature in an endothermic change during a second temperature increase.

A toner, comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin, wherein the binder resin comprises an amorphous polyester and a crystalline polyester; (i) a weight-average molecular weight of a soluble matter of the crystalline polyester in o-dichlorobenzene at 100° C. is 1500 to 4900; (ii) the crystalline polyester comprises a modified crystalline polyester having at least one terminal-modified structure selected from among a structure in which a hydroxy group at a main chain terminal of the crystalline polyester is terminal-modified with a C16 to C31 aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, and a structure in which a carboxy group at a main chain terminal of the crystalline polyester is terminal-modified with a C15 to C30 aliphatic monoalcohol; and (iii) a content ratio of the terminal-modified structure in the crystalline polyester is 80.0 mol % or higher.

A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image contains toner particles containing at least one binder resin, a release agent, and a coloring agent, and a cross-sectional image of the toner particles meets requirements (1) and (2): requirement (1), an average of ten or more domains, per toner particle, of the release agent have an area of 0.5% or more and 5.0% or less of the area of the toner particle; requirement (2), in a Voronoi tessellation generated from the centroids of the domains of the coloring agent, the mean area of the Voronoi cells is 0.020 μm.sup.2 or more and 0.060 μm.sup.2 or less, and the standard deviation of the areas of the Voronoi cells is 0.010 μm.sup.2 or less.

A toner particle includes a binder resin, a thermally expandable capsule, a colorant, and a wax. The binder resin includes an amorphous polyester resin having a pendant group, and a crystalline polyester resin.

A toner is comprised of toner particles and external additive adhering to the surface of the toner particles. The toner particles are formed from a binder resin, an ester wax, and a colorant. The external additive comprises a titanium oxide and silica. A first adhesive strength between the external additive and the toner base particles is in a range of 90 to 100% when measured as a ratio of X-ray spectroscopic intensity of titanium for toner particles before and after a washing process, and a second adhesive strength between the external additive and the toner base particles is in a range of 50 to 80% when measured as a ratio of X-ray spectroscopic intensity of silicon measured for toner before and after another washing process.

A coating layer application device (200) for applying a coating layer, which is located on a transfer element, to a substrate, the coating layer (206) being formed from a coating material, in particular a thermosetting coating material, the coating layer (206) being curable and comprising an amorphous material, the coating layer application device comprising: a heating device (214, 220) being configured so as to (i) maintain the temperature of the coating layer (206) within a temperature range before removal of N the transfer element (204) from the coating layer (206), wherein within the temperature range the uncured coating material is in its supercooled liquid state; and/or (ii) partially cure the coating layer (206) during a contact of the coating layer (206) and the substrate (210) and before removal of the transfer element (204) from the coating layer, in particular by increasing the temperature of the coating layer (206) to a temperature at or above a curing temperature of the coating layer (206).

A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image contains toner particles containing at least one binder resin, a release agent, and a coloring agent, and a cross-sectional image of the toner particles meets requirements (1) and (2): requirement (1), an average of ten or more domains, per toner particle, of the release agent have an area of 0.5% or more and 5.0% or less of the area of the toner particle; requirement (2), in a Voronoi tessellation generated from the centroids of the domains of the coloring agent, the mean area of the Voronoi cells is 0.020 μm.sup.2 or more and 0.060 μm.sup.2 or less, and the standard deviation of the areas of the Voronoi cells is 0.010 μm.sup.2 or less.

A toner particle comprising: a binder resin; a colorant; and a wax, wherein the binder resin comprises: a first amorphous polyester resin having a pendant group; a second amorphous polyester resin having no pendant group; and a crystalline polyester resin, and wherein a difference between a Solubility Parameter (SP) value of the first amorphous polyester resin and an SP value of the second amorphous polyester resin is 0.3 or more.

An electrostatic charge image developing toner contains toner particles that contain a binder resin, in which each of a loss modulus G″5 (150) of the electrostatic charge image developing toner determined by measuring dynamic viscoelasticity of the electrostatic charge image developing toner at a temperature of 150° C. and a strain of 5% and a loss modulus G″50 (180) of the electrostatic charge image developing toner determined by measuring dynamic viscoelasticity of the electrostatic charge image developing toner at a temperature of 180° C. and a strain of 50% is 1×10.sup.3 Pa or more and 1×10.sup.4 Pa or less, and a relationship between a loss modulus G″5 (t1) of the electrostatic charge image developing toner at a first temperature t1 in a temperature range of 150° C. or higher and 180° C. or lower and a strain of 5% and a loss modulus G″50 (t2) of the electrostatic charge image developing toner at a second temperature t2 higher than the first temperature t1 in the temperature range of 150° C. or higher and 180° C. or lower and a strain of 50% satisfies the following Formula (1) in a case of a temperature difference (t2−t1) between the first temperature t1 and the second temperature t2 is 15° C. or higher.

1<G″5(t1)/G″50(t2)<3.0  Formula (1)