A developing apparatus comprising a toner and a toner bearing member for bearing the toner, wherein the volume resistivity of the toner is from 1.0×10.sup.10 Ω.Math.cm to 1.0×10.sup.14 Ω.Math.cm, a toner bearing member exhibits multiple elementary processes, the volume resistance value Rdr per unit area of the toner bearing member is from 5.0×10.sup.5 Ω/cm.sup.2 to 2.0×10.sup.8 Ω/cm.sup.2, the capacitance Cdr per unit area of the toner bearing member is from 300 pF/cm.sup.2 to 900 pF/cm.sup.2, and the capacitance per unit area and volume resistance value of the toner as converted by a parallel plate capacitor model at a thickness of 1.5 times the weight-average particle diameter of the toner are in specific relationships.

A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a core particle comprising a binder resin and a diester wax, and a shell on a surface of the core particle, wherein the following formulas (1) and (2) are satisfied, where Sp is a partition coefficient of the shell and Wp is a partition coefficient of the diester wax:

Sp≤0.40  (1), and

16.00≤Wp−Sp≤20.00  (2).

A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a core particle comprising a binder resin and a wax, and a shell formed on a surface of the core particle, wherein the wax comprises a wax A, the shell comprises a resin comprising a functional group B, the wax A has a surface charge density DA of −0.0080 to −0.0025, and an absolute difference |DA−DB| between the surface charge density DA of the wax A and a surface charge density DB of the functional group B is not more than 0.0025.

Fluorescent magenta latexes are provided which may comprise water and fluorescent agent-incorporated resin particles, the particles comprising a resin, Solvent Red 49 as a red fluorescent agent, and Solvent Yellow 98 as a yellow fluorescent agent, wherein the fluorescent magenta latex has a weight ratio of the Solvent Red 49 to the Solvent Yellow 98 in a range of from 3:1 to 10:1. Fluorescent magenta toners and methods of making and using the fluorescent magenta toners are also provided.

Fluorescent orange latexes are provided which comprise water and fluorescent agent-incorporated resin particles, the particles comprising a resin, Solvent Red 49 as a red fluorescent agent, and Solvent Yellow 98 as a yellow fluorescent agent, wherein the fluorescent orange latex has a weight ratio of the Solvent Yellow 98 to the Solvent Red 49 in a range of from 20:1 to 0.5:1. Fluorescent orange toners and methods of making and using the fluorescent orange toners are also provided.

A method for producing a capsule toner includes preparing core particles; preparing a shell fine particle dispersion liquid having a surface tension of 50 mN/m or more, as measured at 25° C., by dissolving a polyester resin in an organic solvent, thereafter performing neutralization with a neutralizer, and thereafter forming the polyester resin into fine particles; adjusting the surface tension of the shell fine particle dispersion liquid to less than 50 mN/m, as measured at 25° C., by adding a substance that does not include a surfactant to the shell fine particle dispersion liquid; and adhering the shell fine particle dispersion liquid to the surfaces of the core particles. The substance dissolves in or mixes with water and (i) has a vapor pressure equal to or greater than the vapor pressure of water or (ii) has a vapor pressure less than the vapor pressure of water and can be azeotropic with water.

Fluorescent latexes are provided. In embodiments, a fluorescent latex comprises water and fluorescent agent-incorporated resin particles, the particles comprising a resin and a Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) pair comprising a fluorescent brightener having a fluorescence emission spectrum and a fluorescent dye having an absorption spectrum that overlaps with the fluorescence emission spectrum of the fluorescent brightener, wherein the fluorescent latex exhibits FRET under illumination with ultraviolet (UV) light. Fluorescent toners made from the fluorescent latexes are provided. Methods of making and using the fluorescent toners are also provided.

A resin particle includes a fluorescent colorant and a binder resin. The fluorescent colorant is bound to the binder resin by a chemical bond.

Fluorescent latexes are provided. In embodiments, a fluorescent latex comprises water and fluorescent agent-incorporated resin particles, the particles comprising a resin and a Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) pair comprising a fluorescent brightener having a fluorescence emission spectrum and a fluorescent dye having an absorption spectrum that overlaps with the fluorescence emission spectrum of the fluorescent brightener, wherein the fluorescent latex exhibits FRET under illumination with ultraviolet (UV) light. Fluorescent toners made from the fluorescent latexes are provided. Methods of making and using the fluorescent toners are also provided.

Methods of making a fluorescent white toner are provided. In embodiments, such a method comprises forming one or more fluorescent latexes which comprise a fluorescent agent, a first type of amorphous resin, and a second type of amorphous resin, wherein the first and second types of amorphous resins are present at a ratio in a range of from 2:3 to 3:2; forming a mixture comprising the one or more fluorescent latexes; a dispersion comprising a white colorant and a surfactant; one or more emulsions which comprise a crystalline resin, the first type of amorphous resin, the second type of amorphous resin; and optionally, a wax dispersion; aggregating the mixture to form particles of a predetermined size; forming a shell over the particles of the predetermined size to form core-shell particles; and coalescing the core-shell particles to form a fluorescent white toner. The fluorescent white toners and methods of using such toners are also provided.