An electrostatic latent image developing toner includes plural toner particles containing a crystalline resin, a non-crystalline resin, and a plurality of releasing agent domains. The number of releasing agent domains having a dispersion diameter of at least 50 nm and no greater than 700 nm is at least 15 and no greater than 50 per one toner particle in cross-sections of the toner particles. A total area of the releasing agent domains having a dispersion diameter of at least 50 nm and no greater than 700 nm in the cross-sections of the toner particles is at least 5% and no greater than 20% relative to an area of the cross sections of the toner particles.

Cores of toner particles contain a non-crystalline polyester resin, a carnauba wax, and a crystalline polyester resin (polymer of monomers including alcohol, carboxylic acid, styrene-based monomer, and acrylic acid-based monomer) having an SP value ((cal/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2) of at least 10 and no greater than 11. Shell layers each include a resin film mainly constituted by a complex of resin particles having a glass transition point of at least 50 C. and no greater than 100 C. A Ru-dyed ratio of the toner particles in a state in which no external additive is present is at least 50% and no greater than 80%. An intensity of an absorbency peak around a wavenumber of 701 cm.sup.1 is at least 0.0100 and no greater than 0.0250. Surface adsorption forces (F.sub.A: coated regions, F.sub.B: exposed regions) satisfy 0 nN<F.sub.A, 50 nNF.sub.B70 nN, and 35 nNF.sub.BF.sub.A65 nN.

A chemically prepared toner composition according to one example embodiment includes a core including a first polymer binder, a colorant and a release agent; a shell that is formed around the core that includes a second polymer binder; and a borax coupling agent between the core and the shell and an alkoxysilane hydrocarbon or combination of different alkoxysilane hydrocarbons that are bonded to the outer surface of the shell using a hydrolytic deposition process. This successful alkoxysilane hydrocarbon surface treatment on the outer surface of the toner particle results in attaining a desirable charge stability in hot and humid environments and ultimately improving the quality of the toner, especially by reducing toner dusting, toner fuming and ultra-fine particles generation.

A method for producing core shell toner for electrophotography according to one embodiment, includes surface treating the outer surface of a core shell toner particle with a alkoxysilane hydrocarbon or combination of different alkoxysilane hydrocarbons using a hydrolytic deposition process after the core shell toner particle is fully formed. This method results in the bonding of the alkoxysilane hydrocarbon or combination of different alkoxysilane hydrocarbons to the outer surface of the core shell toner particle. In an alternative method, the outer surface of the toner is surface treated with the alkoxysilane hydrocarbon solution and then fused to form toner particles. The alkoxysilane hydrocarbon surface treated core shell toner also can be mixed with magnetic carrier beads to form a developer mix to be used in a dual component development electrophotographic printer.

The present disclosure relates generally to a method to make a chemically prepared toner that employs a crash cooling process. In particular, the crash cooling process involves the addition of a toner slurry having a temperature between 70 C. and 90 C. to an equivalent amount of cold water having a temperature between 5 C. and 20 C. Polyester and styrene acrylic toners as well as polyester core shell toners having a borax coupling agent between the toner core and toner shell made from this cooling process results in an improvement to the amount of toner waste, thereby achieving a higher toner usage efficiency for an electrophotographic printing system.

Provided is a toner having a toner particle containing a binder resin and a wax, wherein the wax concentrations near the outermost surface of the toner and in the surface layer region below the outermost surface are controlled, so that the wax moves with high efficiency to near the outermost surface during heating.

A hybrid toner composition including a first wax; a second wax that is different from the first wax; wherein the first wax comprises a paraffin wax having a peak melting point of from about 60 to about 80 C.; wherein the second wax comprises an ester wax having a peak melting point of from about 60 to about 80 C.; a first resin comprising an amorphous polyester resin and at second resin comprising at least one of a styrene, an acrylate, or a combination thereof; and an optional colorant.

A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a core particle comprising a binder resin and a diester wax, and a shell on a surface of the core particle, wherein the following formulas (1) and (2) are satisfied, where Sp is a partition coefficient of the shell and Wp is a partition coefficient of the diester wax:
Sp?0.40(1), and
16.00?Wp?Sp?20.00(2).

The present invention relates to a process for producing a toner for development of electrostatic images, including the following steps (1) to (3): Step (1): aggregating resin particles (X) containing a composite resin that contains a segment constituted of a polyester resin (a) obtained by polycondensing an alcohol component containing 80 mol % or more of a propyleneoxide adduct of bisphenol A and a polycarboxylic acid component, and a vinyl-based resin segment containing a constitutional unit derived from a styrene-based compound, in an aqueous medium, to obtain aggregated particles (1); Step (2): aggregating the aggregated particles (1) obtained in the step (1) with resin particles (Y) containing a polyester resin (b) obtained by polycondensing an alcohol component containing 80 mol % or more of an ethyleneoxide adduct of bisphenol A and a polycarboxylic acid component to obtain aggregated particles (2); and Step (3): coalescing the aggregated particles (2) obtained in the step (2).

A developer according to an embodiment includes a toner having a color erasable by heating and a carrier. The carrier includes a core portion and a coating portion covering at least 50% of the core portion. The coating portion includes a white-colored additive agent which suppresses an increase in electrification due to friction between the toner and the carrier, a mass of the additive agent being between 20% and 60% of a total mass of the coating portion.