An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes: a toner particle containing a binder resin; and an external additive including a silica particle having a circularity of more than 0.5 and. 0.9 or less and a volume average particle diameter of more than 100 nm and 300 nm or less, in which a total Net intensity N.sub.A of an alkali metal element and an alkaline earth metal element in the toner particle measured by fluorescence X-ray analysis is 0.10 kcps or more and 1.20 kcps or less.

An electrostatic charge image developer containing: a toner containing a toner particle and an external additive; and a carrier containing a magnetic particle and a resin layer covering the magnetic particle, in which the toner particle has a surface property index value of 2.0 or more and 2.8 or less; and the carrier has a surface having a ratio BIA of a surface area B to a planar view area A of 1.020 or more and 1.100 or less, the planar view area A and the surface area B being obtained by three-dimensional analysis of the surface of the carrier.

A toner is provided that comprises a toner particle comprising a binder resin and a wax, and an inorganic fine particle on a surface of the toner particle, wherein the binder resin comprises a resin A; the toner satisfies 2.50≤SPa−SPw≤4.50, where SPa (cal/cm.sup.3).sup.0.5 is the SP value of the resin A, and SPw (cal/cm.sup.3).sup.0.5 is the SP value of the wax; the inorganic fine particle comprises a silica fine particle whose surface has been treated with a silicone oil; in a .sup.29Si solid-state NMR measurement of the silica fine particle, 30≤B≤60 and 4.0≤A/B≤6.0 are satisfied, taking A as an integration value of a D unit obtained by taking an integration value of a Q unit in a CP/MAS measurement as 100, and taking B as an integration value of a D unit obtained by taking an integration value of a Q unit in a DD/MAS measurement as 100.

A toner comprising: a toner particle comprising a binder resin and a hydrocarbon wax; and inorganic fine particles, wherein the inorganic fine particles include silica fine particles surface-treated with specific polydimethylsiloxanes, a total amount of trimethylsilanol in the silica fine particles is from 1.0 ppm to 5.0 ppm, where a standard value of an amount of ions of an ester group is measured by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, one or more peaks of the standard value are present within a range of 100 nm from the surface of the toner particle, and the maximum value A(d max) among the peaks of the standard value and the standard value A(0) on the surface of the toner particle satisfy the following relationships:

1.05≤A(d max)/A(0)≤5.00,

A(0)≥0.010.

An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles having an average circularity of 0.96 to 1.00 and organic particles having an aspect ratio of 0.4 to 0.9 as an external additive.

A toner composition having improved toner usage efficiency, wherein toner particles having an average size range of 1-25 μm may be mixed with an extra particulate additive package including a first small silica surface treated with both a silane and an aminosilane having a primary particle size of about 5 nm-20 nm, a second fumed silica having a primary particle size of 30 nm-60 nm, a third silica having a primary particle size of about 70 nm-120 nm, an electro-conductive titania having a primary particle size of 30 nm-60 nm and an acicular titania having a size of about 1.6 μm to 1.7 μm in length and about 130 nm in diameter. An alternative embodiment of the extra particulate additive package does not include a third silica having a primary particle size of about 70 nm-120 nm.

A toner includes toner particles. The toner particles each include a toner mother particle and an external additive attached to the surface of the toner mother particle. The external additive includes first external additive particles and fluorine-containing particles. The first external additive particles each include an aluminum oxide particle, a conductive layer covering the aluminum oxide particle, and a single-layer or multilayer protective layer covering the conductive layer. The conductive layer contains antimony tin oxide. The protective layer includes a layer containing a component derived from a titanate coupling agent, or includes an inner layer containing methylol melamine, urethane resin, or aluminum hydroxide and an outer layer containing a component derived from a silane coupling agent. The first external additive particles have a powder specific resistance of no greater than 50 Ω.Math.cm.

A toner is comprised of toner particles and external additive adhering to the surface of the toner particles. The toner particles are formed from a binder resin, an ester wax, and a colorant. The external additive comprises a titanium oxide and silica. A first adhesive strength between the external additive and the toner base particles is in a range of 90 to 100% when measured as a ratio of X-ray spectroscopic intensity of titanium for toner particles before and after a washing process, and a second adhesive strength between the external additive and the toner base particles is in a range of 50 to 80% when measured as a ratio of X-ray spectroscopic intensity of silicon measured for toner before and after another washing process.

A coating layer application device (200) for applying a coating layer, which is located on a transfer element, to a substrate, the coating layer (206) being formed from a coating material, in particular a thermosetting coating material, the coating layer (206) being curable and comprising an amorphous material, the coating layer application device comprising: a heating device (214, 220) being configured so as to (i) maintain the temperature of the coating layer (206) within a temperature range before removal of N the transfer element (204) from the coating layer (206), wherein within the temperature range the uncured coating material is in its supercooled liquid state; and/or (ii) partially cure the coating layer (206) during a contact of the coating layer (206) and the substrate (210) and before removal of the transfer element (204) from the coating layer, in particular by increasing the temperature of the coating layer (206) to a temperature at or above a curing temperature of the coating layer (206).

Provided is a process cartridge detachably attachable to a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus, the process cartridge including: a developing unit including a toner; and an electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the toner includes a toner particle, the toner particle has a surface containing a polyvalent acid metal salt particle, and a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains at least one metal oxide particle among an aluminum oxide particle, a silicon dioxide particle, and a tin oxide particle.