A method of manufacturing a liquid electrophotographic ink concentrate includes: milling a mixture comprising ink pigments and polyamine-based dispersants in the presence of milling media to produce nano-scale ink pigments having an average particle size of less than 100 nanometers; and attaching at least one nano-scale ink pigment near surfaces of a base resin particle to form a pigment-resin composition.

Provided is a method of producing a liquid developer containing a dispersing agent, an insulating liquid (a), and a toner particle that contains a colorant and a binder resin, the method including a step (1) of preparing a mixture containing the colorant, the binder resin, the insulating liquid (a), a solvent (b), and the dispersing agent, and a step (2) of distillatively removing the solvent (b) from the mixture, wherein the binder resin dissolves in the solvent (b) and does not dissolve in the insulating liquid (a), the dispersing agent dissolves in both the insulating liquid (a) and the solvent (b), and the binder resin contains a polymer A that has an alkali metal sulfonate group or an alkaline-earth metal sulfonate group.

A liquid developer includes a carrier liquid and a toner including a urethane-modified acrylic resin.

A method for coating pigment particles is provided, the method comprising heating a polymer resin in a carrier fluid to dissolve the polymer resin, suspending in the carrier fluid the pigment particles to be coated; and effecting precipitation of the polymer resin from the carrier fluid, such that a coating of the resin is formed on the pigment particles.

A method for producing a resin particle dispersion includes: obtaining a phase-inverted emulsion by adding a neutralizer to a resin solution prepared by dissolving a resin having an acid value in an organic solvent to thereby neutralize the resin and then adding an aqueous medium to the resulting resin solution to subject the resin to phase inversion emulsification; and removing the organic solvent from the phase-inverted emulsion. In the course of obtaining the phase-inverted emulsion, a maximum agitation power per unit mass (kg) of the resin when the resin solution containing the aqueous medium added thereto is agitated to perform the phase inversion emulsification is from 0.4 W to 20 W inclusive.

A toner including at least a crystalline resin as a binder resin, wherein a tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner includes 5.0% or more as a peak area of a component having a molecular weight of 100,000 or greater in a molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography, and the tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner has a weight-average molecular weight of 20,000 to 60,000.

Provided is a dispersant for liquid development represented by general formula (1):

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1 represents a monovalent organic group having a polar group, A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 each represent an oxygen or sulfur atom, L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 each represent a divalent organic linking group, X represents a (m+n)-valent organic linking group having an alkyleneoxy group, P.sup.1 represents a polymer chain containing a unit represented by general formula (2), and m and n each represent a number of 1 to 9, with m+n being an integer of 2 to 10:

##STR00002##

where R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, L.sup.3 represents a carbonyloxy, oxycarbonyl, carbonyl, or phenylene group, and R.sup.4 represents a monovalent organic group having at least one selected from a carboxy group, a polyoxyalkylene group, an amino group, a sulfo group, and derivatives of the foregoing.

A method for producing a liquid developer containing a resin binder, a colorant, and an insulating liquid, the resin binder containing a polyester resin A comprising a constituting unit derived from an alcohol component and a constituting unit derived from a carboxylic acid component containing an acid modified product A of an α-olefin polymer having 3 or more carbon atoms and 18 or less carbon atoms, including: step I: stirring raw materials containing the resin binder and the colorant or raw materials containing the resin binder, the colorant, and a part of the insulating liquid at a temperature of equal to or higher than a glass transition temperature of the resin binder; and step II: adding dropwise the insulating liquid to a stirred mixture of the step I in an amount to make a total of the amounts used in the step I and the step II of 50 parts by mass or more and 500 parts by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of a total amount of the resin binder and the colorant at a temperature of equal to or higher than a glass transition temperature of the resin binder, thereby carrying out a phase inversion emulsification, to provide a dispersion of toner particles. The liquid developer obtained by the method of the present invention is suitably used for development or the like of latent images formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method or the like.

Provided in one example herein is a liquid electrophotographic varnish composition. The composition includes resin particles each including a polymeric resin mixture, which includes a first polymeric resin including an ethylene-based polymer; and a second polymeric resin including a polyamide. The composition also includes a carrier fluid.

Herein is described a method of providing a printed label. The method comprises: providing a printed label substrate having disposed thereon an electrostatically printed ink; applying a radiation curable overcoat composition to the printed ink, wherein the radiation curable overcoat composition comprises: radiation curable monomers and/or oligomers; a photoinitiator; and an organosilane having at least one hydrolysable group. Printed labels and an ink and overcoat set are also described herein.