A liquid silicone rubber mixture, includes an organopolysiloxane having two or more unsaturated aliphatic groups in a molecule thereof; an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having two or more hydrogen atoms bonded to a silicon atom in a molecule thereof; a hydrosilylation catalyst; hollow particles each having a layer containing a thermoplastic resin as a shell; a compound having a hydroxyl group and/or an ether bond in its molecule so that a sum of a number of the hydroxyl group and a number of the ether bond is two or more; and a polycarboxylic acid. A pressurizing member of a fixing device for use in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus includes an elastic layer containing a silicone rubber on a substrate.

A fixing apparatus includes an endless belt, and a pressing member including a base body and an elastic layer formed on the base body. A plurality of pore portions connected to each other are provided in the elastic layer. In a case where a binary image is generated from a three-dimensional image of the elastic layer, a threshold value X m corresponding to opening processing with which a number of pores derived from the pore portions takes a maximum value is obtained, and then pores derived from the pore portions in the elastic layer are extracted by performing opening processing with a threshold value of 2X m, an average value of angles is 120 or larger and smaller than 150.

A fixing belt includes a base member containing a metal, a sliding layer containing a filler and formed on a base member inner side, and a separation layer formed on a base member outer side. Assume that (i) a sliding layer cross section is obtained by cutting the sliding layer along a sliding layer thickness direction and is divided into sections each having a length that is the same as a sliding layer thickness in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction, and (ii) a ratio of a filler area to a sliding layer area in each cross section sections is an area ratio. A period coefficient is calculated using the formula (Ave %?Min %)/Ave %, where an average of area ratios of filler areas in all the sections is Ave % and a minimum of the area ratios is Min %, and the calculated period coefficient is 0.6 or more.

Provided is an electrophotographic belt of an endless shape including a substrate, wherein the substrate contains a polyimide resin and carbon nanotubes, wherein a content of the carbon nanotubes in the substrate is 15 vol % or less with respect to a total volume of the polyimide resin, wherein the substrate has a tensile strength of 200 MPa or more in each of a peripheral direction thereof and a direction perpendicular to the peripheral direction, and wherein the substrate has a thermal conductivity of 0.9 W/(m.Math.K) or more in a thickness direction thereof.

A fixing belt having an endless shape includes a base layer having an endless shape, an elastic layer on an outer peripheral surface of the base layer, and a surface layer on an outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer, the elastic layer containing a rubber and fillers dispersed in the rubber, the fillers containing heat conductive fillers, an entire thickness of the elastic layer is from 100 ?m to 3,000 ?m, a content ratio of the fillers with respect to the entirety of the elastic layer being 35% by volume or more, a content ratio of the fillers in a region A being less than 35% by volume with respect to the region A, and the entirety of the elastic layer having a thermal conductivity of 0.4 W/(m.Math.K) or more in a thickness direction thereof.

A fixing device includes an endless belt, a rotatable pressing member, a pad member inside of the belt, and a sliding member held by the pad member and sliding on an inner circumferential surface of the belt in a nip. The rotatable pressing member nips and feeds a recording material in the nip in cooperation with the belt and fixes a toner image on the recording material by applying heat and pressure. The sliding member includes a base material layer on which a plurality of projections projecting toward the rotatable pressing member are formed on a side sliding with the belt and a sliding layer provided on an outer surface of the plurality of projections. A leading end of the plurality of projections is a plane and an average roughness (Ra) of the plane satisfies 0.13 ?m?Ra?1.67 ?m.

There is provided a silicone rubber composition forming a rubber member on a surface of a fixing member which is used in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus. The silicone rubber composition includes 1.5 or less of a low molecular weight component by a cumulative amount measured from 10 minutes to 32 minutes after starting retention in a head space gas chromatography measurement under a predetermined condition. The silicone rubber composition further includes 2.2 or more of a high molecular weight component by a cumulative amount from 32 minutes to 37 minutes after starting retention in a head space gas chromatography measurement under the predetermined condition.

An electrophotographic member having an endless shape comprises: a substrate; and an elastic layer on an outer peripheral surface thereof. The elastic layer contains a silicone rubber and metal silicon fillers dispersed in the silicone rubber. An average of area ratios of the metal silicon fillers in respective first binarized images is 42% or less, and an average of area ratios of the metal silicon fillers in respective second binarized images is 42% or less. The elastic layer has ? of 1.30 W/(m.Math.K) or more, where ? is a thermal conductivity of the elastic layer in a thickness direction thereof, and the elastic layer has ?V of 9.0 LOG ?.Math.cm or more, where ?V is a common logarithm value of a volume resistivity thereof.

To provide an elastic roll for an electro-photographic apparatus that includes an elastic body layer having a low hardness and being excellent in fatigue resistance, and thus is resistant to fatigue, and to provide a method for manufacturing the same. An elastic roll 10 for an electrophotographic apparatus includes a shaft body 12, and a foamed elastic body layer 14 provided on an outer periphery of the shaft body 12, wherein the foamed elastic body layer 14 consists of a silicone rubber foamed body including a plurality of air bubbles 18 in its base material containing cross-linked silicone rubber and a reinforcement material, and wherein the foamed elastic body layer has a communication degree of 40% or more. It is preferable that the elastic roll 10 should further include a skin layer 14a in the foamed elastic body layer 14 on an outer peripheral side.

Provided a liquid silicone rubber mixture, comprising following components (1) to (6): (1) an organopolysiloxane having two or more unsaturated aliphatic groups in a molecule thereof; (2) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having two or more hydrogen atoms bonded to a silicon atom in a molecule thereof; (3) a hydrosilylation catalyst; (4) hollow particles each having a layer containing a thermoplastic resin as a shell; (5) a compound having at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group and an ether bond in a molecule thereof, and having a sum of a number of the hydroxyl group and a number of the ether bond of two or more; and (6) a polycarboxylic acid.