A polymer film includes at least one type of polymer selected from a resin and fillers dispersed in the polymer, in which an average maximum length of the fillers in a cross section of the polymer film taken in a thickness direction is 10 ?m or less, and density of the polymer film is 1.0 g/cm.sup.3 or more and 2.0 g/cm.sup.3 or less.

To provide an elastic roll for an electro-photographic apparatus that includes an elastic body layer having a low hardness and being excellent in fatigue resistance, and thus is resistant to fatigue, and to provide a method for manufacturing the same.

An elastic roll 10 for an electrophotographic apparatus includes a shaft body 12, and a foamed elastic body layer 14 provided on an outer periphery of the shaft body 12, wherein the foamed elastic body layer 14 consists of a silicone rubber foamed body including a plurality of air bubbles 18 in its base material containing cross-linked silicone rubber and a reinforcement material, and wherein the foamed elastic body layer has a communication degree of 40% or more. It is preferable that the elastic roll 10 should further include a skin layer 14a in the foamed elastic body layer 14 on an outer peripheral side.

A semiconductive roller is provided, which includes a tubular main body having a multiplicity of concavities (2) provided in an outer peripheral surface (1) thereof in at least one of circumferentially overlapping relation and axially overlapping relation. The concavities are each gently concave toward a center thereof from an outer periphery thereof. A semiconductive roller production method is also provided, which includes the step of forming the concavities by a laser processing method.

A film contains a resin and a siloxane compound having a structure A represented by Formula: [RSiO.sub.1.5].sub.n (provided that in the formula, R represents an organic group and n represents an integer of 2 or more), where at least one R among plural R's in the structure A is a group including an alkyl group and a difference in solubility parameter (SP value) between the resin and the structure A is 3.0 or less in terms of an absolute value, and surface free energy is 40 mJ/m.sup.2 or less.

An electrophotographic member has a base layer, an elastic layer on the base layer, and a surface layer on the elastic layer. The surface layer includes a fluorocarbon resin. With a DSC measurement using a sample sampled from the surface layer, temperature raising and temperature lowering are performed twice at 25 to 400 C., resulting in a first DSC chart at the first temperature raising, and a second DSC chart at the second temperature raising. The first DSC chart has at least two endothermic peaks and T1 C. represents the peak top temperature of the peak on the highest temperature side of them. The second DSC chart has at least one endothermic peak and T2 C. represents the peak top temperature of the largest endothermic peak of them. The T1 and the T2 satisfy the following formula (1):

T1>T2(1).

A liquid silicone rubber composition contains metallic silicon particles. The content of the metallic silicon particles is 35% by volume or more and 45% by volume or less. The volume average particle diameter of the metallic silicon particles is 1 m or more and 20 m or less. The ratio A/B of viscosity A at a shear rate of 0.02/sec to viscosity B at a shear rate of 1/sec of the composition is 2.0 or less.

A semiconductive roller is provided, which includes a tubular main body having a multiplicity of concavities (2) provided in an outer peripheral surface (1) thereof in at least one of circumferentially overlapping relation and axially overlapping relation. The concavities are each gently concave toward a center thereof from an outer periphery thereof. A semiconductive roller production method is also provided, which includes the step of forming the concavities by a laser processing method.

A fixing belt having an endless shape includes a base layer having an endless shape, an elastic layer on an outer peripheral surface of the base layer, and a surface layer on an outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer, the elastic layer containing a rubber and fillers dispersed in the rubber, the fillers containing heat conductive fillers, an entire thickness of the elastic layer is from 100 m to 3,000 m, a content ratio of the fillers with respect to the entirety of the elastic layer being 35% by volume or more, a content ratio of the fillers in a region A being less than 35% by volume with respect to the region A, and the entirety of the elastic layer having a thermal conductivity of 0.4 W/(m.Math.K) or more in a thickness direction thereof.

A heating member for heating a fixing member includes plural heat generation blocks, each of which generates heat when being energized. The plural heat generation blocks are provided side by side along a width direction that is orthogonal to a conveyance direction of a recording medium, and a length in the width direction of at least one of the plural heat generation blocks is equal to or shorter than a minimum difference of a length in the width direction between the recording media in adjacent standard sizes in an order of length in the width direction among the recording media to be conveyed in plural types of the standard sizes.

A fixing rotating member comprising: a first resin layer having an endless shape; at least one heating layer on the first resin layer; a second resin layer on the heating layer; an elastic layer on the second resin layer; and, a surface layer on the elastic layer, wherein the first resin layer and the second resin layer are different from in elastic modulus at a specific temperature by at least 10%, and a neutral axis in a thickness direction of the fixing rotating member is located in the heating layer or in the second resin layer in the central region and the end region, the end region is a region from both ends of the heating layer in the width direction to a specific length toward a center, and the central region is a region of a specific length from the center to both ends.