Provided is a fixing member for a heat fixing apparatus which can further improve utilization efficiency of heat for heat fixing of an unfixed toner. A fixing member having an endless belt shape includes a substrate and an elastic layer on the substrate, wherein the elastic layer includes silicone rubber and a filler dispersed in the silicone rubber, and when a thermal conductivity of the elastic layer in a thickness direction is defined as nd, a thermal conductivity of the elastic layer in a circumferential direction is defined as td, and a thermal conductivity of the elastic layer in a width direction is defined as md, nd is 1.30 W/(m.Math.K) or more, and nd, td, and md satisfy a relationship as shown below nd >md >td.

Provided is a fixing member includes: a substrate; and an elastic layer on the substrate, wherein the elastic layer contains a rubber and fillers dispersed in the rubber, and wherein an average value of area ratios of large-particle diameter fillers is 20% or more and 40% or less, and the large-particle diameter fillers have an average array degree f.sub.L of 0.00 or more and 0.15 or less, an average value of an area ratios of small-particle diameter fillers is 10% or more and 20% or less, the small-particle diameter fillers have an average array degree f.sub.S of 0.20 or more and 0.50 or less, and the small-particle diameter fillers have an average array angle .sub.S of 60 or more and 120 or less.

An example system includes an object and a support frame supporting the object. The support frame constrains movement of the object relative to the support frame, and the support frame includes at least one of a cage or a shackle to non-rigidly constrain movement of at least a part of the object.

Build material handling unit for a powder module for an apparatus for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects, which apparatus is adapted to successively layerwise selectively irradiate and consolidate layers of a build material which can be consolidated by means of an energy source, wherein the build material handling unit is coupled or can be coupled with a powder module, wherein the build material handling unit is adapted to level and/or compact a volume of build material arranged inside a powder chamber of the powder module by controlling the gas pressure inside the powder chamber.

A fixing device includes an endless belt, a rotatable pressing member, a pad member inside of the belt, and a sliding member held by the pad member and sliding on an inner circumferential surface of the belt in a nip. The rotatable pressing member nips and feeds a recording material in the nip in cooperation with the belt and fixes a toner image on the recording material by applying heat and pressure. The sliding member includes a base material layer on which a plurality of projections projecting toward the rotatable pressing member are formed on a side sliding with the belt and a sliding layer provided on an outer surface of the plurality of projections. A leading end of the plurality of projections is a plane and an average roughness (Ra) of the plane satisfies 0.13 ?m?Ra?1.67 ?m.

Described is a fuser member including a substrate and a release layer disposed on the substrate. The release layer includes a fluoropolymer having a plurality of metal fibers having a diameter of from about 5 nanometers to about 20 microns dispersed throughout the fluoropolymer. A method of manufacturing the fuser member is also provided.

A process for producing an article by three-dimensional printing includes applying a 1,1-di-activated vinyl compound-containing liquid binder over a predetermined area of a layer of solid particles. The liquid binder infiltrates gaps between the solid particles to form a first cross-sectional layer of an article, and the 1,1-di-activated vinyl compound reacts to solidify the liquid binder and bind the solid particles in the first cross-sectional layer of the article. Also provided is an article produced by the three-dimensional printing process, set forth herein.

An electrophotographic member having an endless shape comprises: a substrate; and an elastic layer on an outer peripheral surface thereof. The elastic layer contains a silicone rubber and metal silicon fillers dispersed in the silicone rubber. An average of area ratios of the metal silicon fillers in respective first binarized images is 42% or less, and an average of area ratios of the metal silicon fillers in respective second binarized images is 42% or less. The elastic layer has ? of 1.30 W/(m.Math.K) or more, where ? is a thermal conductivity of the elastic layer in a thickness direction thereof, and the elastic layer has ?V of 9.0 LOG ?.Math.cm or more, where ?V is a common logarithm value of a volume resistivity thereof.

A tubular body for a fixing member includes: a first layer having a thermal conductivity of 1.0 W/m.Math.K or more; and a second layer containing a resin and particles of a solid material in which heat absorption/release associated with electronic phase transition occurs.

In an example of a method for forming three-dimensional (3D) printed electronics, a build material is applied. A fusing agent is selectively applied on at least a portion of the build material. The build material is exposed to radiation and the portion of the build material in contact with the fusing agent fuses to form a layer. An electronic agent is selectively applied on at least a portion of the layer, which imparts an electronic property to the at least the portion of the layer.