An apparatus generates a coherent illumination beam. An embedded light-scattering apparatus in a transparent substrate illuminates a reflective optical element which is also embedded inside the same substrate. The reflective optical element is designed to provide a desired beam profile.

A display apparatus (1) of the present invention includes: a transparent screen (10) configured by a transmissive or reflective volume hologram; a first image projection section (50a) disposed on a first main surface (Sa) side of the transparent screen (10), and projecting first image light (La1) onto the first main surface (Sa); and a second image projection section (50b) disposed on a second main surface (Sb) side of the transparent screen (10), and projecting second image light (Lb1) onto the second main surface (Sb). The display apparatus (1) further includes: a first light-shielding section (40a) preventing external light from being directly incident on the first main surface (Sa) at least at same incident angle as the first image light (La1); and a second light-shielding section (30b) preventing external light from being directly incident on the second main surface (Sb) at least at same angle as the second image light (Lb1).

A reflector for vehicles includes a reflective surface that contains an optical element to reflect light incident on the optical element according to specific reflection characteristics. The reflective surface is designed as a hologram element which has a grating structure in such a way that light incident on the hologram element is reflected according to the specific reflection characteristics.

Light-emitting devices for motor vehicles are provided, which comprise a reflection hologram. A light-guiding body is provided to direct light from a light source arrangement (4) onto the hologram.

A vehicle display device includes a reflection-type hologram disposed inside a windshield of a vehicle, and a projection device including an image display device outputting a display light and a regulating unit configured to regulate a diffusion angle of the display light, and to project the display light having passed through the regulating unit onto the hologram. The hologram outputs the display light projected from the projection device as diffracted light directed to an eye range of the vehicle, and the regulating unit is configured to regulate the diffusion angle of the display light to an upper limit angle or less such that the display light reflected from the windshield is directed in a direction different from the eye range.

A floating image display device includes a floating-image-formation optical system that forms an image at an opening part as a floating image from an image displayed on an image display unit, an authentication unit that judges whether or not a subject passing through the opening part is an authorized subject, and an image control unit that makes the image display unit switch contents of the image when the subject is judged as the authorized subject. The floating-image-formation optical system can include a beam splitter and a retroreflective sheet. Another floating image display device includes an image display unit that displays a first image, a floating-image-formation optical system that forms an image at an opening part as a floating image from the first image, and an image projection unit that projects a second image onto a subject moving through the floating image when the subject passes through the opening part.

A floating image display device includes an image display unit that displays a display image based on a first image signal, a floating-image-formation optical system that forms an image in air as a floating image from the display image, a guide image display unit that displays a guide image based on a second image signal nearby the floating image to be visually recognized on the same plane as the floating image as viewed from a viewer, and an image control unit that supplies the first image signal and the second image signal respectively to the image display unit and the guide image display unit. The image control unit supplies an image signal as the second image signal to the guide image display unit after the image signal undergoes at least one of a process of adding blurring, a process of lowering luminance and a process of lowering contrast.

A light modulation element reproduces a light image in a specific color other than iridescence where white light is incident, without a layer that selectively transmits or reflects a specific wavelength band, and clearly reproduces a desired light image by reducing an influence of 0th-order diffracted light, and an information recording medium including the same. The light modulation element includes a factor element that reproduces a light image by modulating a phase of incident reproduction light, and has an uneven surface. A maximum diffraction efficiency Dmax in a wavelength band of between 380 nm and 780 nm in wavelength distribution of first-order diffracted light and of negative first-order diffracted light with respect to diffraction efficiency for the factor element has a local maximum value with a full width at half maximum FWHM of 200 nm or less in wavelength distribution with respect to diffraction efficiency having the maximum diffraction efficiency.

A display system arranged to receive a video stream of frames for display. The frame rate of the video stream is defined by a first clock signal comprising a plurality of first clock reset signals (between frames). A subframe rate of the display system is defined by a second clock signal comprising a plurality of second clock reset signals (between subframes). The second clock reset signals define n subframes for each frame of the video stream. That is, the subframe rate of the display system is n times faster than the frame rate of the video stream. The display system is arranged so that duration of every nth second clock reset signal is different to the duration of the other second clock reset signals such that synchronization between frames of the video stream and subframes of the display device is maintained.

The present disclosure provides an in-vehicle display system and a vehicle. The in-vehicle display system includes an optical fiber holographic projection portion and a holographic image display portion. The optical fiber holographic projection portion is configured to holographically project image information of a vehicle component onto the holographic image display portion, and the holographic image display portion is configured to present an original image of the vehicle component.