A temperature control circuit for an electronic device is provided. The temperature control circuit includes a temperature detector, a status detection circuit and a control circuit. The temperature detector is configured to detect a temperature of the electronic device and generate first evaluation information. The status detection circuit is configured to detect a work status of at least one circuit module in the electronic device and generate second evaluation information. The control circuit is configured to adjust at least one electronic parameter of the electronic device according to the first evaluation parameter and the second evaluation parameter to control the temperature of the electronic device.

A control system for use in a fluid flow application includes a heater and a control device. The heater has at least one resistive heating element and the heater is operable to heat fluid. The control device determines at least one flow characteristic of a fluid flow based on a heat loss of the at least one resistive heating element and determines a mass flow rate of the fluid based on the at least one flow characteristic and a property of the at least one resistive heating element. And the property of the at least one resistive heating element includes a change in resistance of the at least one resistive heating element under a given heat flux density.

A method for operating a heater system including a resistive heating element having a material with a non-monotonic resistivity vs. temperature profile is provided. The method includes heating the resistive heating element to within a limited temperature range in which the resistive heating element exhibits a negative dR/dT characteristic, operating the resistive heating element within an operating temperature range that at least partially overlaps the limited temperature range, and determining a temperature of the resistive heating element such that the resistive heating element functions as both a heater and a temperature sensor. The resistive heating element can function as a temperature sensor in a temperature range between about 500 C. and about 800 C., and the non-monotonic resistivity vs. temperature profile for the material of the resistive heating element can have a local maximum and a local minimum.

A heater assembly for an aerosol-generating system is provided, including: an electrically insulating support having an aperture; an electrical heating element disposed across the aperture in the electrically insulating support, being configured to heat a liquid aerosol-forming substrate to form an aerosol, and being substantially flat; capillary material, wherein a portion of the capillary material is in contact with the electrical heating element, and the capillary material is configured to convey the liquid aerosol-forming substrate to the electrical heating element; and two electrical contacts respectively connected to ends of the electrical heating element, the two electrical contacts supported by the electrically insulating support. An aerosol-generating system including an aerosol-generating device and a cartridge is also provided.

An aerosol delivery device is provided. The aerosol delivery device includes a power source, a heating element having a resistance that is variable and proportional to a temperature of the heating element, and a power switch coupled to and between the power source and the heating element. The aerosol delivery device also includes processing circuitry and a low-side current-sensing circuit coupled to and between the heating element and the processing circuitry. The low-side current-sensing circuit produces an output voltage that is equal or proportional to an output heater voltage at the heating element. The processing circuitry measures the output voltage, determines the resistance of the heating element, determines the temperature of the heating element from the resistance, and adjusts a signal to the power switch when the temperature deviates from a predetermined set point.

A cartridge for an aerosol-generating system is provided, including: a liquid storage portion including a housing containing a liquid aerosol-forming substrate, the housing having an open end; and a fluid-permeable heater assembly including: an electrical heating element configured to heat the liquid aerosol-forming substrate to form an aerosol, the electrical heating element including a planar filament arrangement having one or more electrically conductive filaments, an electrically insulating substrate including a ceramic material and having a planar attachment face, the filament arrangement disposed in contact with the planar attachment face, and connectors arranged at opposite ends of the electrical heating element and forming two separate electrical contacts configured to apply power to the filament arrangement, the fluid-permeable heater assembly being arranged over the open end of the housing.

An aerosol-generating system is provided, including: an aerosol-generating device including a power source; and a cartridge removably coupled to the device, the cartridge including a liquid storage portion including a housing having an open end and containing a liquid aerosol-forming substrate, a substantially flat heater assembly fixed to the open end of the housing and including an electrical heating element arranged in a curved manner and configured to heat the substrate to form an aerosol, and a capillary material disposed in contact with the heating element and being configured to convey the substrate to the heating element, the liquid storage portion being disposed at a first side of the assembly and an airflow channel at a second side of the assembly, the airflow channel defining an airflow path over the assembly and configured to convey the aerosol, and the power source being configured to supply power to the assembly.

A heater is provided that includes at least one resistive heating element having a material with a non-monotonic resistivity vs. temperature profile and exhibiting a negative dR/dT characteristic over a predetermined operating temperature range along the profile. The heater can include a plurality of circuits disposed in a fluid path to heat fluid flow.

A heater system for an exhaust system is provided. The heater system includes a heater disposed in an exhaust conduit. The heater includes a plurality of heating elements disposed in the exhaust conduit. A heating control module controls the plurality of heating elements differently according to operating conditions specific to each heating element. In other forms, the heater system for an exhaust system has a plurality of heating zones, instead of a plurality of heating elements. The heating control module controls the plurality of heating zones differently according to operating conditions specific to each heating zone.

A control system for use in a fluid flow application is provided. The control system includes a heater having at least one resistive heating element. The heater is adapted to heat the fluid flow. The control system further includes a control device that uses heat loss from at least one resistive heating element to determine flow characteristics of the fluid flow.