A current sensing circuit having self-calibration includes two leads, a sensing element having a sensing resistance, and a sensing and calibration circuit. The sensing and calibration circuit senses and calibrates a sensing voltage of the sensing element, and senses a sensing current through the sensing element according to the sensing resistance and the sensing voltage, to generate a current sensing output signal. The sensing and calibration circuit includes two pads, a V2I circuit, a current mirror circuit and an I2V circuit. The sensing element has a first temperature coefficient (TC). The TC and/or the resistance of an adjusting resistor in the V2I circuit and an adjusting resistor in the I2V circuit are determined according to the first TC, such that the TC of the current sensing output signal is equal to 0.

The present invention provides a voltage regulator including a voltage control circuit and a current control circuit. The voltage control circuit is configured to receive an output voltage of the voltage regulator to generate a first current to an output terminal of the voltage regulator; and the current control circuit is configured to generate a second current to the output terminal of the voltage regulator according to an output current of the voltage regulator, wherein the output current is generated according to the first current and the second current.

In an example, a system includes a switching voltage converter including a first field effect transistor (FET) and a second FET, the switching voltage converter configured to receive an input voltage and provide an output voltage. The system also includes a voltage to current converter coupled to the switching voltage converter and an oscillator, the voltage to current converter configured to receive an error voltage of the output voltage and provide an oscillator current to the oscillator. The system includes a comparator coupled to the oscillator and configured to compare the oscillator current to a reference current, where an output of the comparator is configured to skip a pulse of an oscillator output responsive to the oscillator current being less than the reference current.

A multi-loop error amplifier circuit for generating an error amplification signal includes: a first operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) including a first current output stage which generates a first transconductance amplification current in a predetermined current direction according to a first voltage difference between a positive terminal and a negative input terminal of the first OTA; a second OTA including a second current output stage which generates a second transconductance amplification current in the predetermined current direction according to a second voltage difference between a positive terminal and a negative input terminal of the second OTA. The first and the second current output stages are coupled in series to generate a first error output current. The error amplification signal is generated according to the first error output current which is equal to the smaller one of the first and the second transconductance amplification currents.

An error amplifier circuit for a DC-DC power converter controller is disclosed for providing an amplified error signal to a switch control circuit, the circuit comprising an error amplifier first stage. The first stage comprises: a first input terminal for receiving a voltage proportional to an output voltage of the converter; an output node; a first operational transconductance amplifier in a first path between the input terminal and the output node and having a first input connected to the input terminal, a second input connectable to a reference signal, and an output connected to the output node; and a second, parallel, path comprising a series combination of an amplifier, a second OTA and a capacitor. The second OTA has an output connected to the capacitor, a first input connected to an output of the amplifier, and a second input connected to the output. Associated control circuits, controllers and converters are also disclosed.

An electronic system comprising a voltage-to-current converter and a proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) circuit is disclosed. The voltage-to-current converter is configured to receive one of a control voltage, a supply voltage, a scaled-down version of the control voltage, and a scaled-down version of the supply voltage, and generate a set of currents. The PTAT circuit is coupled with the voltage-to-current converter such that each current of the set of currents is one of sourced to the PTAT circuit and sank from the PTAT circuit. Further, the PTAT circuit is configured to receive at least one of the supply voltage and the control voltage, and generate a set of reference voltages. The control voltage is generated based on the set of reference voltages and the supply voltage.

A digital regulator system is provided. The digital regulator system includes a digital regulator circuit and a compensation circuit. The digital regulator circuit outputs an output current and an output voltage. The digital regulator circuit adjust the output current by decreasing or increasing a unit current according to at least a reference voltage and a feedback voltage. The compensation circuit receives the output voltage as well as decreases or increases a unit voltage of the output voltage to generate and output the feedback voltage according to the variation of the output current.

An active shielding device and method for active shielding are disclosed. The active shielding device includes current sources configured to generate currents, an analog wire shield unit connected to the current sources, a current to voltage converter connected to the analog wire shield unit and configured to generate a voltage in response to the currents that are generated by the current sources, and a voltage comparator connected to the current to voltage converter and configured to compare the voltage that is generated by the current to voltage converters with a reference voltage.

The present invention provides for a high voltage direct current power supply including a primary high voltage direct current supply offering a primary output; a floating secondary output floating with respect to the primary output and fed by the primary output: an output terminal at the floating secondary output for providing an output voltage; a controller operative to detect a change in the output voltage at the output terminal and to generate a control signal responsive to the change in output voltage; and a controllable current source, which can comprise a programmable current source, arranged to provide current at the floating secondary output responsive to the said control signal and whereby the said current is provided to reduce charging of a secondary output capacitance as the output voltage changes.

A device is disclosed that includes an insulating layer, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a bottom electrode. The insulating layer is disposed on a first surface of a substrate. The first electrode and the second electrode are disposed on a first surface of the insulating layer. The first electrode receives an input signal, and the second electrode outputs, in response to the input signal, an output signal. The bottom electrode is disposed on a second surface, opposite to the first surface, of the substrate and receives an operating voltage to modify a frequency of the output signal.