Apparatuses and methods for extracting ordered data sub-components from a data item are disclosed. A received data item has a data structure to accommodate multiple data sub-components. The data item indicates which data sub-components are valid. Adders sum respective subsets of indications of the valid data sub-component positions, with each adder covering one more position than the previous adder. Transitions of the counts generated by the respective adders are used to determine the ordinal valid data sub-component positions in the data item, which can then be output on the basis of the data item and the identified transition positions. Without requiring feedback paths from an identified earlier ordinal position to identify a later ordinal position, the set of ordered data sub-components can be extracted more quickly.

A control system for a storage apparatus includes two input/output modules (IOMs), and two non-volatile memory (NVM) devices that are electrically connected to the IOMs, respectively, and that each store a firmware code. Each of the IOMs is configured to execute a firmware corresponding to the firmware code stored in the corresponding NVM device, and to enter an active mode or a passive mode after executing the firmware. The IOMs are configured such that when one IOM operating in the passive mode detects abnormal operation of the other IOM operating in the active mode, the one IOM sends, to the other IOM, the firmware code stored in the NVM device electrically connected to the one IOM, in order to update the firmware code in the NVM device electrically connected to the other IOM.

The present invention provides a data processing device that includes a memory and includes a first CPU and a second CPU, each having an instruction processing section to process an instruction, a cache to store part of data of the memory, an error detection section to detect an error in the data stored in the cache, and an error correction section to correct the data stored in the cache on the basis of the data stored in the cache and an error notification and output corrected data to the instruction processing section, wherein the error correction section of the first CPU receives, as input, the data stored in the cache of the first CPU, the error notification of the first CPU, the data stored in the cache of the second CPU, and the second error notification, and if the error notification of the first CPU is an error and the error notification of the second CPU is not an error, outputs the data stored in the cache of the second CPU to the instruction processing section of the first CPU, and in other cases, outputs the data stored in the cache of the first CPU to the instruction processing section of the first CPU.

Failure of a processing unit that processes a plurality of information pieces is discovered in a short time. An information processing device 100 including a processing unit 1 that processes a plurality of information pieces includes: an identifier assignment unit 2 that assigns identifiers 60000 to 61023 to the plurality of information pieces 40000 to 41023, respectively; a plurality of input memories 20000 to 21023 that retain the plurality of information pieces 40000 to 41023 and the identifiers 60000 to 61023 assigned to the plurality of information pieces 40000 to 41023, respectively; a plurality of output memories 30000 to 31023 that retain the plurality of information pieces 50000 to 51023 processed by the processing unit 1 and the identifiers 70000 to 71023 assigned to the plurality of processed information pieces 50000 to 51023, respectively; an identifier verification unit 3 that verifies the identifiers 70000 to 71023 by comparing the identifiers 70000 to 71023 with the identifiers 60000 to 61023, respectively; and an error handling unit 4 that performs error handling when identifiers do not match with each other.

A method of operating a distributed storage system, the method includes identifying missing chunks of a file. The file is divided into stripes that include data chunks and non-data chunks. The method also includes identifying non-missing chunks available for reconstructing the missing chunks and reconstructing missing data chunks before reconstructing missing non-data chunks using the available non-missing chunks.

A system and method is provided for partially validating data archive for an incremental data backup scheme. According to one aspect, the method includes generating the backup data file of electronic data stored electronic memory by transferring the electronic data to a data storage, generating initial incremental backup data of the electronic data where the incremental backup data includes changes made to the electronic data after the backup data file is generated, and comparing a first portion of the backup data file with a corresponding first portion of the electronic data during the generating of the incremental backup data. Furthermore, the method includes determining whether the first portion of the backup data file is valid based on the comparison and, if the first portion of the backup data file is invalid, generating another backup of the first portion of the electronic data.

Embodiments related to managing potentially invalid results generated/obtained by a microprocessor during runahead are provided. In one example, a method for operating a microprocessor includes causing the microprocessor to enter runahead upon detection of a runahead event. The example method also includes, during runahead, determining that an operation associated with an instruction referencing a storage location would produce a potentially invalid result based on a value of an architectural poison bit associated with the storage location and performing a different operation in response.

A signal processing circuit has: n+1 (n being an integer of 2 or greater) operation circuits, each of which is configured to execute a prescribed operation process on inputted data; a signal supply unit that is configured to receive n pieces of input data extracted from one input signal and receive test data inputted separately from the n pieces of input data, sequentially select one operation circuit among the n+1 operation circuits and supply the test data to the one selected operation circuit, and supply the n pieces of input data to n operation circuits other than the one operation circuit among the n+1 operation circuits; and an anomaly determination unit that is configured to determine whether an anomaly has occurred in the one operation circuit on the basis of an operation result of an operation on the test data by the one operation circuit.

An example system and method may provide for important data files to be stored in differently reliable storage medium based upon an importance score that is representative of the importance of the data file. A data file importance score is generated based on the data file. The data file is stored in a first data storage zone of a storage medium in a data storage device, in response to the data file importance score being greater than a data file importance threshold. The data file is stored in a second data storage zone of the storage medium in the data storage device, in response to the data file importance score being less than the data file importance threshold.

An example system and method may provide for important data files to be stored in differently reliable storage medium based upon an importance score that is representative of the importance of the data file. A data file importance score is generated based on the data file. The data file is stored in a first data storage zone of a storage medium in a data storage device, in response to the data file importance score being greater than a data file importance threshold. The data file is stored in a second data storage zone of the storage medium in the data storage device, in response to the data file importance score being less than the data file importance threshold.