Systems and methods for decoding block and concatenated codes are provided. These include advanced iterative decoding techniques based on belief propagation algorithms, with particular advantages when applied to codes having higher density parity check matrices such as iterative soft-input soft-output and list decoding of convolutional codes, Reed-Solomon codes and BCH codes. Improvements are also provided for performing channel state information estimation including the use of optimum filter lengths based on channel selectivity and adaptive decision-directed channel estimation. These improvements enhance the performance of various communication systems and consumer electronics. Particular improvements are also provided for decoding HD radio signals, satellite radio signals, digital audio broadcasting (DAB) signals, digital audio broadcasting plus (DAB+) signals, digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVB-H) signals, digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T) signals, world space system signals, terrestrial-digital multimedia broadcasting (T-DMB) signals, and China mobile multimedia broadcasting (CMMB) signals. These and other improvements enhance the decoding of different digital signals.

Technical solutions are described for providing a redundant processor. An example processing unit includes a source processor coupled with a system communication bus via a first communication line; a backup processor coupled with the system communication bus via a second communication line; and an inter-microprocessor communication channel for communication between the source processor and the backup processor. The backup processor monitors for a failure of the source processor by monitoring the first communication line for communication messages being transmitted by the source processor. The backup processor determines a failure of the source processor in response to an absence of the communication messages on the first communication line for a predetermined duration. The backup processor, in response to a failure of the source processor, takes over control of communication of the processing unit by sending a status update on the inter-microprocessor communication channel.

This disclosure describes techniques for providing early acknowledgments to a source device performing a data write operation within a data center or across a geographically-distributed data center. In one example, this disclosure describes a method that includes receiving, by a gateway device and from a source device within a local data center, data to be stored at a remote destination device that is located within a remote data center; storing, by the gateway device, the data to high-speed memory included within the gateway device; transmitting, by the gateway device, the data over a connection to the remote data center; after transmitting the data and before the data is stored at the remote destination device, outputting, by the gateway device to the source device, a local acknowledgment, wherein the local acknowledgment indicates to the source device that the data can be assumed to have been stored at the remote destination device.

The present invention provides a reception apparatus for receiving data from a transmission apparatus in one direction, and a transmission apparatus for transmitting data with regards to the reception apparatus in one direction. If the reception apparatus detects an error in the received data, the reception apparatus informs the transmission apparatus about the error in the received data by switching over one or more communication lines forming a connection with the transmission apparatus. If the transmission apparatus detects a switchover of the one or more communication lines, the transmission apparatus re-transmits the data in which the error occurred to the reception apparatus. According to the present invention, the occurrence of data errors in one-direction data communication is easily recognized, and the reliability of the one-direction data communication is improved.

Apparatus adapted for exascale computers are disclosed. The apparatus includes, but is not limited to at least one of: a system, data processor chip (DPC), Landing module (LM), chips including LM, anticipator chips, simultaneous multi-processor (SMP) cores, SMP channel (SMPC) cores, channels, bundles of channels, printed circuit boards (PCB) including bundles, floating point adders, accumulation managers, QUAD Link Anticipating Memory (QUADLAM), communication networks extended by coupling links of QUADLAM, log 2 calculators, exp2 calculators, log ALU, Non-Linear Accelerator (NLA), and stairways. Methods of algorithm and program development, verification and debugging are also disclosed. Collectively, embodiments of these elements disclose a class of supercomputers that obsolete Amdahl's Law, providing cabinets of petaflop performance and systems that may meet or exceed an exaflop of performance for Block LU Decomposition (Linpack).

Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for recovering a high availability storage system. The storage system includes a first layer and a second layer, each layer including a controller board, a router board, and storage elements. When a component of a layer fails, the storage system continues to function in the presence of a single failure of any component, up to two storage element failures in either layer, or a single power supply failure. While a component is down, the storage system will run in a degraded mode. The passive zone is not serving input/output requests, but is continuously updating its state in dynamic random access memory to enable failover within a short period of time using the layer that is fully operational. When the issue with the failed zone is corrected, a failback procedure brings the system back to a normal operating state.

A transmission control method for HARQ is provided for improving HARQ performance in a mobile communication system. The transmission control method for Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) in a mobile communication system according to the present invention includes receiving an downlink resource assignment message; determining whether configured downlink assignment has been indicated to an HARQ entity since a previously received downlink assignment for a User Equipment's (UE's) Cell-Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) for the same HARQ process; maintaining, if the configured downlink assignment has not been indicated to the HARQ entity, the HARQ process; and processing, if the configured downlink assignment has been indicated to the HARQ entity, the downlink resource assignment message as a resource assignment message for initial transmission.

Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for recovering a high availability storage system. The storage system includes a first layer and a second layer, each layer including a controller board, a router board, and storage elements. When a component of a layer fails, the storage system continues to function in the presence of a single failure of any component, up to two storage element failures in either layer, or a single power supply failure. While a component is down, the storage system will run in a degraded mode. The passive zone is not serving input/output requests, but is continuously updating its state in dynamic random access memory to enable failover within a short period of time using the layer that is fully operational. When the issue with the failed zone is corrected, a failback procedure brings the system back to a normal operating state.

To achieve mutual monitoring of an operating state in consideration of an object storage. A calculator (10) according to the invention, which forms a cluster together with another calculator (20), includes a storage request unit (11) that requests an object storage (30) that manages data on an object-by-object basis to store first state information indicating a normal state of its own calculator, an acquisition request unit (12) that requests the object storage (30) to acquire second state information indicating a normal state of the other calculator (20), and a cluster control unit (13) that performs cluster control based on a result of storing the first state information and a result of acquiring the second state information, and when a result of acquiring the second state information is not the latest result, the acquisition request unit (12) requests acquisition of the second state information a specified number of times.

The invention relates to a method for periodic transmission of real time data in a computer system, particularly a distributed computer system, which computer system is comprised of node computers (201-208), particularly an appreciable number of node computers (201-208), and distributor units (211-215), particularly an appreciable number of distributor units (211-215), wherein the node computers (201-208) and the distributor units (211-215) have access to a global time, and wherein real time data are transmitted by means of time-triggered real time messages, wherein selected distributor units (212, 213, 214, 215) form a central structure of distributor units; and wherein during a periodic communication round (PCR), in the error-free case, at least two copies of each real time message to be sent are transmitted via at least two independent routes through the central structure, by executing a satisfying or an optimal time plan, from a start distributor unit in the central structure to a target distributor unit in the central structure; such that in the error case, error handling can begin immediately after an error detection time point contained in the time plan, preferably in the optimal time plan.