Provided herein is a label structure for tagging a product item. The label structure includes a first graphic pattern having a first number of pixels and printed on a first portion of the label structure; a second graphic pattern having a second number of pixels and printed on a second portion of the label structure, the second graphic pattern forming an optical code readable by an optical decoding device; and shielding means capable of hiding or making visible the first graphic pattern depending on the values taken by a physical quantity to which the label structure is exposed. The first and second graphic patterns can be observed in combination, when the first graphic pattern is made visible by the shielding means.

A unique secured product identification method, system, and apparatus for product such as precious gemstones prevent counterfeiting by incorporating a marked product with fake identification (ID) mark or fake barcode. Authentication process requires at least two identifying data sets, an overt mark or overt data and covert data. The overt data may be a unique product identifier like a barcode. Covert data may be any additional data derived from the specific product. Additional data points come from a created data point not originally part of the product, or a unique data point already existing in the product but not existing in any other similar product. Product is authenticated when the combination of data sets compared to original data sets creates positive product identification. Authentication may be done with centralized, or de-centralized databases. A partially or non-automated method may be implemented, for example, where a barcode links to a database.

A code display medium includes a code image display portion which arranges a plurality of code images side by side in a circumferential direction around an axis of screw fastening and which displays the plurality of code images so as to be optically readable, each of the plurality of code images including identification information for identifying at least one of a fastening material for the screw fastening and/or an object to be fastened by the screw fastening and a fixing portion which fixes the code image display portion to a position that is on the object to be fastened and that can be simultaneously captured with the fastening material in a state where the screw fastening is performed.

A method for authenticating an object, particularly a security element for protecting value documents, ID documents and products, as well as a security element, a security document, a reader, an individualization device and a server for such a method. The method involves the steps: dividing a first code element into at least one first partial code element and one second partial code element, storing the second partial code element, arranging the first partial code element and/or a second code element on and/or in the object, jointly machine-capturing the first partial code element and the second code element by means of a reader, extracting the first partial code element and the second code element from the data captured by the reader, accessing the stored second partial code element using the second code element as a key, checking whether the code element resulting from merging the extracted first partial code element and the stored second partial code element corresponds to the first code element.

In a method of manufacturing a multilayer chip component according to an aspect of the present disclosure, laser processing is used for forming dots of a two-dimensional code. This laser processing is laser processing with respect to a laminate substrate in a state before baking is performed, and an impact at the time of processing is absorbed to a certain degree due to elastic deformation of the laminate substrate. For this reason, according to the manufacturing method, occurrence of cracking can be curbed compared to laser processing with respect to an element body in a state after baking is performed.

A method for inserting information into a 3D structure and recognizing information in a non-destructive method is provided. A 3D printing method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: generating a tag having specific information recorded thereon to be inserted into a 3D structure, and printing the tag on the inside of the 3D structure while printing the 3D structure. Accordingly, since the tag having information recorded thereon is printed on the inside of the 3D structure when the 3D structure is printed by a 3D printer, it is impossible to forge/falsify information.

Generating records of a tangible object in blockchain may be performed by a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions. The instructions, when executed cause a computing device to associate a unique physical tag with a tag identifier. The unique physical tag includes a substrate having a plurality of optically readable indicia disposed at random positions and having a fixed positional relationship within the substrate. The instructions, when executed cause the computing device to associate the tangible object with the unique physical tag including the tag identifier, by generating a record of the tangible object as a block in a blockchain uniquely associated with the tag identifier, where the blockchain is managed by one or more devices on a decentralized network.

A computer implemented method and apparatus for storing and retrieving data embedded into the surface of a 3D printed object is described. The method and apparatus develops an electronic file used for printing a 3D object which embeds as structure into the 3D object, a 3D symbol matrix representative of data to be printed concurrently with the 3D object, such as a 3D barcode. A selected symbology is used for making the symbol matrix in accordance with the type of printing process to be used to print the 3D object.

A display device includes a cover window comprising a flat portion and a curved portion connected to the flat portion; a printed layer disposed across the flat portion and the curved portion of the cover window; a buffer layer provided on the printed layer; a code printed layer provided on the buffer layer; and a plurality of grooves penetrating through the code printed layer.

An information processing system includes an information bearing medium and an information reading unit. The information bearing medium has a two-dimensional array of unit data zones. Marks are provided on some of the unit data zones so as to form a digital code. Mark patterns of any two Y-directional adjacent unit data zone strings based on the arrangement of marks in an X-direction differ from each other. The information reading unit generates a data string on the basis of a unit signal formed from a plurality of signals output from a group of detection units that detect the marks in synchronization and recognizes the digital code of the information bearing medium on the basis of a group of the data strings sequentially obtained from the array of the unit data zones.