Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to estimate and deduplicate audiences are disclosed herein. An example apparatus includes a controller to determine a subunion of at least first and second marginal audiences of media based on of panel data and census data, the panel data including a panel impression count and a panel audience size, and the census data including a census impression count, an audience size calculator to determine a census audience size of the at least the first and second marginal audiences based on the panel impression count and the panel audience size and determine a subunion census audience size, the subunion census audience size corresponding to an overlap between the at least the first and second marginal audiences; and a report generator to generate a report including the census audience size and the subunion census audience size.

For providing a targeted advertisement to a user, a referral server sends, to a financial platform server, a request for fetching the financial information of the user. The referral server receives, from the financial platform server, a reply containing the financial information of the user. The referral server analyses the financial information of the user to determine one or more behavioural attributes of the user. The referral server uses the one or more behavioural attributes of the user to define a behavioural profile of the user. The referral server may send to a device of the user a code sequence related to a marketing campaign selected according to the behavioural profile of the user. The marketing campaign may be selected by calculating a conversion rate for each of a plurality of marketing campaigns.

Systems and methods for verifying an advertisement impression in a digital environment are provided. In some aspects, methods of the subject technology include operations for defining a portion of the digital environment as an impression area, wherein the impression area is associated with a tagged advertisement area, providing a stream of an advertisement to the tagged advertisement area, and updating advertising impression information stored in memory regarding the advertisement, wherein an advertising impression is based on the identification of the character within the impression area and the availability of an unobstructed line-of-sight between the character and the tagged advertisement area. In some aspects, computer readable media are also provided.

A technique is provided to determine whether a region within a web page is viewable to a user through a browser window. Often, browsers will only show part of a web page at given time, creating a difficulty in establishing whether a region of the web page, which may be an advertisement for example, is in view. This is addressed by providing one or more test features within the region, rendering the web page, monitoring a behavioural characteristic of the test features and determining whether the region is in view based on the monitored behavioural characteristic, wherein the behavioural characteristic varies according to whether the test feature is currently being displayed. One example of a behavioural characteristic is a frame progression rate. Browsers will typically redraw elements of a web page at a higher rate if they are currently in view through the browser window, and this characteristic can therefore be used to determine whether the test feature, and thus the region, is in view. The present invention finds particular utility where the region contains an advertisement, as it allows an advertiser to discover whether the advertisement has been seen by users.

Technologies for attributing purchases to a targeted marketing campaign include associating a captured payment card number and a captured cardholder identifier with a globally unique identifier. Additional payment card numbers related to the captured payment card number are associated with the globally unique identifier. A cardholder-specific marketing message associated with a targeted marketing campaign is transmitted to the captured cardholder identifier based on the globally unique identifier. The targeted marketing campaign is for an advertised product, which corresponds to a product identifier. A purchase transaction is attributed to the targeted marketing campaign in response to determining that a payment card number associated with the purchase transaction matches any of the payment card numbers associated with the globally unique identifier and determining that a product identifier corresponding to a purchased product of the purchase transaction is associated with the targeted marketing campaign. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

A conversion timing model is model is configured to predict a likelihood of conversion based on an entity's elapsed time since a qualified entry event and based on a funnel state. The conversion timing model is constructed based on a distribution of the conversion timespans of converters. A notification of an opportunity to expose a candidate entity to networked content is received. A likelihood of conversion for the candidate entity is determined by applying the conversion timing model to the elapsed time. A response to the notification based on the likelihood of conversion for the candidate entity is prepared based on the likelihood of conversion and based on the funnel state. Timely responses may include the selection of customized content or bid values.

Methods and apparatus to credit media presentations for online media distributions are disclosed. Example methods and apparatus determine a presenter of a media session based on a user agent identifier extracted from a proxy record associated with the media session, and in response to determining that the user agent identifier does not identify a publisher, identify a first domain referenced by a URL associated with the media session, and, in response to determining that the first domain matches a domain pattern associated with a publisher and does not match a domain in a list of hosting domains, classify the media of the media session as being published by the publisher associated with the matching domain pattern, the publisher being different from the presenter.

Example methods disclosed herein include determining a first time associated with an event notification embedded in primary media, the primary media from an online media provider by an audience measurement entity, the first time to be determined based on (i) a length of a graphical progress indicator associated with the primary media and (ii) a location of the event notification in the primary media. Example methods also include determining a second time associated with a media feature of the primary media. Disclosed example methods further include indicating that secondary media from the online media provider is to be embedded in the primary media when a difference between the first time and the second time meets a threshold.

An improved architecture including system and methods for online advertising placement that provide possibly defaulting advertisement tags the opportunity to serve an advertisement ahead of a lower value tag that is guaranteed to fill, resulting in higher CPMs (i.e., Cost Per Mille) for web publishers. The system and methods are configured to deterministically render an advertisement impression from a list of possibly defaulting advertisements in a JavaScript-enabled web browser. The knowledge of the complete outcome of such an “ad chain” at render-time significantly reduces complexity and latency in the supporting ad server. The system and method centers around a novel JavaScript approach to detect when an advertisement has been loaded but not defaulted. Additionally, the system and methods integrate the network and RTB demand channels by looking at all demand sources simultaneously and selecting the buyer from within the user's browser, and address predictive pricing to further enhance the online advertising placement process.

In general, examples of the present disclosure provide systems, methods and computer readable media for data record compression using graph-based techniques. For example, an example method includes retrieving a compound data record list that includes compound data records, identifying a unique second component value set that includes unique second component values, determining a data record position list based at least in part on at least one data record position within the compound data record list, and generating a data record encoding of the compound data records.