Methods and systems for measuring a level of a fluid. A first output is obtained from first sensing elements at a first electrical circuit, the first sensing elements configured to produce the first output based on a position of a floater movable along a floater path. The position of the floater is determined at the first electrical circuit based on the first output. A second output is obtained from second sensing elements at a second electrical circuit, the second electrical circuit being isolated from the first electrical circuit, at least one of the first sensing elements being interleaved with at least one of the second sensing elements, the second sensing elements configured to produce the second output based on the position of the floater. The position of the floater is determined at the second electrical circuit based on the second output.

The invention relates to an articulated vehicle, for example a rail vehicle or an articulated bus, formed from a plurality of vehicles or vehicle parts (2, 3) connected to one another in an articulated manner, wherein a passage (10) is arranged between the vehicles or vehicle parts (2, 3), wherein the passage has an inner cladding (12) and an outer cladding (14) laterally spaced apart from the inner cladding, wherein the inner (12) and outer cladding (14) are arranged so as to form the spacing (A) relative to one another on the end walls of two adjacent vehicles or vehicle parts, wherein a sound insulation layer (18) can be applied to the free surface (16) formed by the spacing (A) on the end wall.

Methods and systems for measuring a level of a fluid. A first output is obtained from first sensing elements at a first electrical circuit, the first sensing elements configured to produce the first output based on a position of a floater movable along a floater path. The position of the floater is determined at the first electrical circuit based on the first output. A second output is obtained from second sensing elements at a second electrical circuit, the second electrical circuit being isolated from the first electrical circuit, at least one of the first sensing elements being interleaved with at least one of the second sensing elements, the second sensing elements configured to produce the second output based on the position of the floater. The position of the floater is determined at the second electrical circuit based on the second output.

A pressure bladder comprising a substantially cylindrically shaped interior chamber is formed from a pliable, yet chemically resistant material, for example a fluoropolymer, such as FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene). The interior chamber of the pressure bladder is hydraulically sealed at a distal end and is hydraulically coupled to a pressure sensor at a proximate end. Both the pressure bladder and pressure sensor are filled with an inert, non-reactive, stable measurement fluid. Optionally, a support mandrel with a second, smaller substantially cylindrically shaped interior chamber is hydraulically coupled between the pressure bladder and the pressure sensor and also filled with the measurement fluid. The pressure sensor is electrically coupled to electrical conductors, as is an optional thermistor. The conductors are received within a conductor protective tubing. The pressure sensor is disposed within a protective isolation tubing which is hydraulically coupled to the conductor protective tubing and to either the pressure bladder or support mandrel.

The present disclosure provides methods for the automated control of aspects of slide preparation in an automated slide preparation instrument. Aspects of the methods include automated assessments of reagent amounts, quality and performance as well as automated adjustments of reagents based on such assessments, including the adjustment of reagent amounts, e.g., as present in reagent baths, the adjustment of reagent compositions and the replacement of reagents. Devices and systems useful in performing the described methods are also provided herein.

An atomization device according to the present invention is provided with: a main body part which has a container space that contains a hydrogen peroxide solution; and a diaphragm which is provided with through holes where the hydrogen peroxide solution contained in the container space passes, and which atomizes the hydrogen peroxide solution passing through the through holes.

A sensor and method for determining the state of a humidification chamber in a respiratory gas humidifier. The sensor comprises a transmitter for emitting an electromagnetic radiation signal, a receiver for receiving the electromagnetic radiation signal and providing an output signal, and a controller for varying the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation signal emitted by the transmitter and/or the gain setting of the receiver. The controller has two sensor configurations, a first configuration in which the transmitter emits an electromagnetic radiation signal having a first intensity, the receiver has a first gain setting, and the receiver provides a first output signal, and a second configuration in which the transmitter emits an electromagnetic radiation signal having a second intensity, the receiver has a second gain setting, and the receiver provides a second output signal, wherein the first intensity is different to the second intensity, and/or the first gain setting is different to the second gain setting, and the controller determines a state of the humidification chamber by comparing the first and second outputs of the receiver with one or more threshold values.

A liquid sensor includes a light receiver configured to receive light. The light receiver is attachable to an outside of an accommodation unit into which a liquid is introduced and which has translucency. The light receiver receives light that has passed through the liquid in the accommodation unit or light reflected by the liquid, and outputs a signal related to a physical quantity of the liquid.